Multiple gonadotropin-releasing hormone systems in non-mammalian vertebrates: Ontogeny, anatomy, and physiology.
GnRH paralogs
neuromodulation
non-mammalian
terminal nerve
whole genome duplication
Journal
Journal of neuroendocrinology
ISSN: 1365-2826
Titre abrégé: J Neuroendocrinol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8913461
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2022
05 2022
Historique:
revised:
17
11
2021
received:
31
08
2021
accepted:
19
11
2021
pubmed:
22
12
2021
medline:
23
6
2022
entrez:
21
12
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Three paralogous genes for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; gnrh1, gnrh2, and gnrh3) and GnRH receptors exist in non-mammalian vertebrates. However, there are some vertebrate species in which one or two of these paralogous genes have become non-functional during evolution. The developmental migration of GnRH neurons in the brain is evolutionarily conserved in mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, and jawed teleost fish. The three GnRH paralogs have specific expression patterns in the brain and originate from multiple sites. In acanthopterygian teleosts (medaka, cichlid, etc.), the preoptic area (POA)-GnRH1 and terminal nerve (TN)-GnRH3 neuronal types originate from the olfactory regions. In other fish species (zebrafish, goldfish and salmon) with only two GnRH paralogs (GnRH2 and GnRH3), the TN- and POA-GnRH3 neuronal types share the same olfactory origin. However, the developmental origin of midbrain (MB)-GnRH2 neurons is debatable between mesencephalic or neural crest site. Each GnRH system has distinctive anatomical and physiological characteristics, and functions differently. The POA-GnRH1 neurons are hypophysiotropic in nature and function in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. The non-hypophysiotropic GnRH2/GnRH3 neurons probably play neuromodulatory roles in metabolism (MB-GnRH2) and the control of motivational state for sexual behavior (TN-GnRH3).
Substances chimiques
Receptors, LHRH
0
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
33515-09-2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e13068Informations de copyright
© 2021 British Society for Neuroendocrinology.
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