Association Between Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cognitive Impairment.

Adult Cognition Cognition Disorders / epidemiology Cognitive Dysfunction / chemically induced Female Formaldehyde / toxicity Humans Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Occupational Exposure / adverse effects

Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
08 02 2022
Historique:
received: 29 06 2021
accepted: 16 11 2021
pubmed: 24 12 2021
medline: 6 4 2022
entrez: 23 12 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

To our knowledge, no study has investigated the effect of exposure to formaldehyde on cognition in the general population. Our objective was to examine the association between occupational exposure to formaldehyde and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and young-old adults (≥45 years). In the French CONSTANCES cohort, cognitive function was assessed with a standardized battery of 7 cognitive tests to evaluate global cognitive function, episodic verbal memory, language abilities, and executive functions (e.g., Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]). A global cognitive score was created using principal component analysis. Cognitive impairment was assessed in reference to norms of neuropsychological battery according to age, sex, and education. Lifetime exposure to formaldehyde was assessed using a French Job Exposure Matrix created in the framework of the Matgéné project. After performing multiple imputation, separate modified Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the association between cognitive impairment (<25th percentile) and formaldehyde exposure (exposed/never exposed), exposure duration, cumulative exposure index (CEI), and combination of CEI and time of last exposure. Among 75,322 participants (median age 57.5 years, 53% women), 8% were exposed to formaldehyde during their professional life. These participants were at higher risk of global cognitive impairment (for global cognitive score: adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.23), after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, education, income, solvent exposure, Effort-Reward Imbalance, night shift, repetitive work, and noisy work). They were at higher risk of cognitive impairment for all cognitive domains explored. Longer exposure duration and high CEI were associated with cognitive impairment, with a dose-effect relationship for exposure duration. Recent exposure was associated with impairment in all cognitive domains. Time did not fully attenuate formaldehyde-associated cognitive deficits especially in highly exposed individuals (for DSST: high past exposure aRR 1.23; 95% CI 1.11-1.36; high recent exposure: aRR 1.24; 95% CI 1.13-1.35). Our findings highlight the long-term detrimental effect of formaldehyde exposure on cognitive health in a relatively young population.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
To our knowledge, no study has investigated the effect of exposure to formaldehyde on cognition in the general population. Our objective was to examine the association between occupational exposure to formaldehyde and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and young-old adults (≥45 years).
METHODS
In the French CONSTANCES cohort, cognitive function was assessed with a standardized battery of 7 cognitive tests to evaluate global cognitive function, episodic verbal memory, language abilities, and executive functions (e.g., Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]). A global cognitive score was created using principal component analysis. Cognitive impairment was assessed in reference to norms of neuropsychological battery according to age, sex, and education. Lifetime exposure to formaldehyde was assessed using a French Job Exposure Matrix created in the framework of the Matgéné project. After performing multiple imputation, separate modified Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the association between cognitive impairment (<25th percentile) and formaldehyde exposure (exposed/never exposed), exposure duration, cumulative exposure index (CEI), and combination of CEI and time of last exposure.
RESULTS
Among 75,322 participants (median age 57.5 years, 53% women), 8% were exposed to formaldehyde during their professional life. These participants were at higher risk of global cognitive impairment (for global cognitive score: adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.23), after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, education, income, solvent exposure, Effort-Reward Imbalance, night shift, repetitive work, and noisy work). They were at higher risk of cognitive impairment for all cognitive domains explored. Longer exposure duration and high CEI were associated with cognitive impairment, with a dose-effect relationship for exposure duration. Recent exposure was associated with impairment in all cognitive domains. Time did not fully attenuate formaldehyde-associated cognitive deficits especially in highly exposed individuals (for DSST: high past exposure aRR 1.23; 95% CI 1.11-1.36; high recent exposure: aRR 1.24; 95% CI 1.13-1.35).
DISCUSSION
Our findings highlight the long-term detrimental effect of formaldehyde exposure on cognitive health in a relatively young population.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013146 PMID: 34937783
pubmed: 34937783
pii: WNL.0000000000013146
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013146
doi:

Substances chimiques

Formaldehyde 1HG84L3525

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e633-e640

Informations de copyright

© 2021 American Academy of Neurology.

Auteurs

Noemie Letellier (N)

From INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier) (N.L., L.-A.G., C.B.), INSERM, Univ Montpellier; Santé Publique France (C.P.), Lyon; Exposome and Heredity Team (F.A., A.E.), CESP, INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy; Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Research Unit (A.D., A.O., M.G., M.Z.), INSERM, UMS 011; VIMA Aging and Chronic Diseases (A.D., M.Z.), INSERM, UVSQ, Villejuif; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Poisoning Control Center-Clinical Data Center Angers (A.D.), INSERM, EHESP, UMR S1085, CHU Angers, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes; Université de Paris (M.G., M.Z.); and Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology (C.B.), Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, France. nletellier@ucsd.edu.

Laure-Anne Gutierrez (LA)

From INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier) (N.L., L.-A.G., C.B.), INSERM, Univ Montpellier; Santé Publique France (C.P.), Lyon; Exposome and Heredity Team (F.A., A.E.), CESP, INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy; Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Research Unit (A.D., A.O., M.G., M.Z.), INSERM, UMS 011; VIMA Aging and Chronic Diseases (A.D., M.Z.), INSERM, UVSQ, Villejuif; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Poisoning Control Center-Clinical Data Center Angers (A.D.), INSERM, EHESP, UMR S1085, CHU Angers, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes; Université de Paris (M.G., M.Z.); and Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology (C.B.), Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, France.

Corinne Pilorget (C)

From INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier) (N.L., L.-A.G., C.B.), INSERM, Univ Montpellier; Santé Publique France (C.P.), Lyon; Exposome and Heredity Team (F.A., A.E.), CESP, INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy; Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Research Unit (A.D., A.O., M.G., M.Z.), INSERM, UMS 011; VIMA Aging and Chronic Diseases (A.D., M.Z.), INSERM, UVSQ, Villejuif; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Poisoning Control Center-Clinical Data Center Angers (A.D.), INSERM, EHESP, UMR S1085, CHU Angers, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes; Université de Paris (M.G., M.Z.); and Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology (C.B.), Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, France.

Fanny Artaud (F)

From INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier) (N.L., L.-A.G., C.B.), INSERM, Univ Montpellier; Santé Publique France (C.P.), Lyon; Exposome and Heredity Team (F.A., A.E.), CESP, INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy; Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Research Unit (A.D., A.O., M.G., M.Z.), INSERM, UMS 011; VIMA Aging and Chronic Diseases (A.D., M.Z.), INSERM, UVSQ, Villejuif; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Poisoning Control Center-Clinical Data Center Angers (A.D.), INSERM, EHESP, UMR S1085, CHU Angers, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes; Université de Paris (M.G., M.Z.); and Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology (C.B.), Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, France.

Alexis Descatha (A)

From INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier) (N.L., L.-A.G., C.B.), INSERM, Univ Montpellier; Santé Publique France (C.P.), Lyon; Exposome and Heredity Team (F.A., A.E.), CESP, INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy; Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Research Unit (A.D., A.O., M.G., M.Z.), INSERM, UMS 011; VIMA Aging and Chronic Diseases (A.D., M.Z.), INSERM, UVSQ, Villejuif; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Poisoning Control Center-Clinical Data Center Angers (A.D.), INSERM, EHESP, UMR S1085, CHU Angers, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes; Université de Paris (M.G., M.Z.); and Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology (C.B.), Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, France.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6028-3186

Anna Ozguler (A)

From INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier) (N.L., L.-A.G., C.B.), INSERM, Univ Montpellier; Santé Publique France (C.P.), Lyon; Exposome and Heredity Team (F.A., A.E.), CESP, INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy; Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Research Unit (A.D., A.O., M.G., M.Z.), INSERM, UMS 011; VIMA Aging and Chronic Diseases (A.D., M.Z.), INSERM, UVSQ, Villejuif; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Poisoning Control Center-Clinical Data Center Angers (A.D.), INSERM, EHESP, UMR S1085, CHU Angers, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes; Université de Paris (M.G., M.Z.); and Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology (C.B.), Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9277-610X

Marcel Goldberg (M)

From INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier) (N.L., L.-A.G., C.B.), INSERM, Univ Montpellier; Santé Publique France (C.P.), Lyon; Exposome and Heredity Team (F.A., A.E.), CESP, INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy; Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Research Unit (A.D., A.O., M.G., M.Z.), INSERM, UMS 011; VIMA Aging and Chronic Diseases (A.D., M.Z.), INSERM, UVSQ, Villejuif; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Poisoning Control Center-Clinical Data Center Angers (A.D.), INSERM, EHESP, UMR S1085, CHU Angers, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes; Université de Paris (M.G., M.Z.); and Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology (C.B.), Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6161-5880

Marie Zins (M)

From INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier) (N.L., L.-A.G., C.B.), INSERM, Univ Montpellier; Santé Publique France (C.P.), Lyon; Exposome and Heredity Team (F.A., A.E.), CESP, INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy; Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Research Unit (A.D., A.O., M.G., M.Z.), INSERM, UMS 011; VIMA Aging and Chronic Diseases (A.D., M.Z.), INSERM, UVSQ, Villejuif; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Poisoning Control Center-Clinical Data Center Angers (A.D.), INSERM, EHESP, UMR S1085, CHU Angers, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes; Université de Paris (M.G., M.Z.); and Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology (C.B.), Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4540-4282

Alexis Elbaz (A)

From INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier) (N.L., L.-A.G., C.B.), INSERM, Univ Montpellier; Santé Publique France (C.P.), Lyon; Exposome and Heredity Team (F.A., A.E.), CESP, INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy; Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Research Unit (A.D., A.O., M.G., M.Z.), INSERM, UMS 011; VIMA Aging and Chronic Diseases (A.D., M.Z.), INSERM, UVSQ, Villejuif; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Poisoning Control Center-Clinical Data Center Angers (A.D.), INSERM, EHESP, UMR S1085, CHU Angers, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes; Université de Paris (M.G., M.Z.); and Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology (C.B.), Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, France.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9724-5490

Claudine Berr (C)

From INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier) (N.L., L.-A.G., C.B.), INSERM, Univ Montpellier; Santé Publique France (C.P.), Lyon; Exposome and Heredity Team (F.A., A.E.), CESP, INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy; Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Research Unit (A.D., A.O., M.G., M.Z.), INSERM, UMS 011; VIMA Aging and Chronic Diseases (A.D., M.Z.), INSERM, UVSQ, Villejuif; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Poisoning Control Center-Clinical Data Center Angers (A.D.), INSERM, EHESP, UMR S1085, CHU Angers, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes; Université de Paris (M.G., M.Z.); and Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology (C.B.), Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, France.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5254-7655

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Association Between Occupational Exposure to...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes psychologiques › Processus mentaux › Cognition › Association Between Occupational Exposure to...
questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Troubles neurocognitifs › Troubles de la cognition › Association Between Occupational Exposure to...
questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Troubles neurocognitifs › Troubles de la cognition › Dysfonctionnement cognitif › Association Between Occupational Exposure to...
questionsmedicales.fr › Composés chimiques organiques › Aldéhydes › Formaldéhyde › Association Between Occupational Exposure to...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Association Between Occupational Exposure to...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Adulte d'âge moyen › Association Between Occupational Exposure to...
questionsmedicales.fr › Disciplines et activités comportementales › Tests psychologiques › Tests neuropsychologiques › Association Between Occupational Exposure to...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Pollution de l'environnement › Exposition environnementale › Exposition professionnelle › Association Between Occupational Exposure to...