Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in Melanoma and in the Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapies.
ALDH
BRAFi
MEKi
Nrf2
RNS
ROS
antioxidants
lipid peroxidation
melanoma
oxidative stress
resistance
targeted therapies
Journal
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-3921
Titre abrégé: Antioxidants (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101668981
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 Dec 2021
03 Dec 2021
Historique:
received:
31
10
2021
revised:
29
11
2021
accepted:
30
11
2021
entrez:
24
12
2021
pubmed:
25
12
2021
medline:
25
12
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with the poorest prognosis, representing the deadliest form of skin cancer. Activating mutations in BRAF are the most frequent genetic alterations, present in approximately 50% of all melanoma cases. The use of specific inhibitors towards mutant BRAF variants and MEK, a downstream signaling target of BRAF in the MAPK pathway, has significantly improved progression-free and overall survival in advanced melanoma patients carrying BRAF mutations. Nevertheless, despite these improvements, resistance still develops within the first year of therapy in around 50% of patients, which is a significant problem in managing BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma. Understanding these mechanisms is one of the mainstreams of the research on BRAFi/MEKi acquired resistance. Both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been described. Moreover, in recent years, oxidative stress has emerged as another major force involved in all the phases of melanoma development, from initiation to progression until the onsets of the metastatic phenotype and chemoresistance, and has thus become a target for therapy. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge on oxidative stress and its signaling in melanoma, as well as the oxidative stress-related mechanisms in the acquired resistance to targeted therapies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34943045
pii: antiox10121942
doi: 10.3390/antiox10121942
pmc: PMC8750393
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
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