Obesity and Bone: A Complex Relationship.
bone fragility
fracture
obese fracture site paradox
obesity
osteoporosis
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
Titre abrégé: Int J Mol Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101092791
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
20 Dec 2021
20 Dec 2021
Historique:
received:
14
11
2021
revised:
13
12
2021
accepted:
13
12
2021
entrez:
24
12
2021
pubmed:
25
12
2021
medline:
29
1
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
There is a large literature on the relationship between obesity and bone. What we can conclude from this review is that the increase in body weight causes an increase in BMD, both for a mechanical effect and for the greater amount of estrogens present in the adipose tissue. Nevertheless, despite an apparent strengthening of the bone witnessed by the increased BMD, the risk of fracture is higher. The greater risk of fracture in the obese subject is due to various factors, which are carefully analyzed by the Authors. These factors can be divided into metabolic factors and increased risk of falls. Fractures have an atypical distribution in the obese, with a lower incidence of typical osteoporotic fractures, such as those of hip, spine and wrist, and an increase in fractures of the ankle, upper leg, and humerus. In children, the distribution is different, but it is not the same in obese and normal-weight children. Specifically, the fractures of the lower limb are much more frequent in obese children. Sarcopenic obesity plays an important role. The authors also review the available literature regarding the effects of high-fat diet, weight loss and bariatric surgery.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34948466
pii: ijms222413662
doi: 10.3390/ijms222413662
pmc: PMC8706946
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Références
J Cell Biochem. 2006 Oct 15;99(3):824-34
pubmed: 16721825
Nutr Today. 2016 Jul-Aug;51(4):167-174
pubmed: 27795585
Steroids. 2015 Jul;99(Pt A):11-5
pubmed: 25555470
Osteoporos Int. 2006 Dec;17(12):1726-33
pubmed: 16983459
Circulation. 2002 Dec 17;106(25):3143-421
pubmed: 12485966
J Orthop Res. 1995 Nov;13(6):956-62
pubmed: 8544034
Arch Intern Med. 1997 Apr 28;157(8):857-63
pubmed: 9129545
Arch Osteoporos. 2019 Jun 19;14(1):64
pubmed: 31218525
J Histochem Cytochem. 1994 Jun;42(6):733-44
pubmed: 8189035
JBMR Plus. 2018 May 01;2(3):121-133
pubmed: 30283897
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017 Feb;29(1):11-17
pubmed: 28155183
Int J Obes (Lond). 2012 Apr;36(4):535-41
pubmed: 22124455
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020 Jan 1;75(1):58-63
pubmed: 31241126
Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Nov;74(5):579-84
pubmed: 11684524
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Mar 12;110(11):4410-5
pubmed: 23401498
J Osteoporos. 2010 Dec 20;2011:786752
pubmed: 21209784
J Bone Miner Res. 2015 May;30(5):920-8
pubmed: 25400253
FASEB J. 2013 Sep;27(9):3514-23
pubmed: 23776073
J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Jul;28(7):1679-87
pubmed: 23371055
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 Dec;51(12):1740-7
pubmed: 14687352
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017 May 29;8:112
pubmed: 28611729
Endocrinology. 2018 Jul 1;159(7):2676-2682
pubmed: 29800288
Radiology. 2000 Nov;217(2):527-38
pubmed: 11058656
J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Oct;17(10):1896-903
pubmed: 12369793
Acta Biomed. 2021 Sep 02;92(4):e2021249
pubmed: 34487101
J Bone Miner Metab. 2018 Mar;36(2):200-208
pubmed: 28303402
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2011 Dec;34(4):829-40
pubmed: 22098807
Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2020 Jan;23(1):89-97
pubmed: 31988879
Cells. 2021 Jan 07;10(1):
pubmed: 33430327
Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:318924
pubmed: 24696682
Nature. 2012 Jan 18;481(7381):314-20
pubmed: 22258610
Microorganisms. 2021 Nov 06;9(11):
pubmed: 34835436
Obes Surg. 2011 Apr;21(4):465-72
pubmed: 21188546
J Bone Miner Res. 2015 Dec;30(12):2168-78
pubmed: 26012544
Calcif Tissue Int. 2015 Oct;97(4):364-75
pubmed: 26139232
Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Jun;103(6):1465-71
pubmed: 27169839
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Jan;35(1):117-24
pubmed: 22190287
Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):889-94
pubmed: 17434869
Ageing Res Rev. 2014 May;15:51-60
pubmed: 24632496
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007 Aug;15(8):1980-7
pubmed: 17712115
Eur J Endocrinol. 2017 Jun;176(6):685-693
pubmed: 28289103
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Apr 24;11:200
pubmed: 32390939
J Orthop Surg Res. 2011 Jun 15;6:30
pubmed: 21676245
J Bone Miner Res. 2012 May;27(5):1215-21
pubmed: 22392834
J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Jun;22(6):825-31
pubmed: 17352651
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 20;22(4):
pubmed: 33672656
Endocrine. 2016 Nov;54(2):342-347
pubmed: 26815904
J Bone Miner Res. 2014 Jul;29(7):1507-18
pubmed: 24677277
Lipids Health Dis. 2012 Jul 10;11:91
pubmed: 22781503
Braz J Phys Ther. 2021 May-Jun;25(3):311-318
pubmed: 32830064
J Bone Miner Metab. 2009;27(4):479-84
pubmed: 19277453
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Jan;19(1):49-53
pubmed: 20467419
Horm Metab Res. 2005 May;37(5):297-302
pubmed: 15971153
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014 Dec 5;455(1-2):133-8
pubmed: 25450704
N Engl J Med. 1988 Dec 29;319(26):1701-7
pubmed: 3205267
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015 Jul 15;410:52-63
pubmed: 25817542
Bone. 2010 Feb;46(2):336-41
pubmed: 19833245
J Clin Invest. 2000 Nov;106(10):1203-4
pubmed: 11086020
J Bone Miner Res. 1996 Sep;11(9):1333-8
pubmed: 8864908
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Jan 25;290(3):1084-9
pubmed: 11798186
Clin Interv Aging. 2015 Aug 06;10:1267-82
pubmed: 26346071
J Bone Miner Res. 2020 Jun;35(6):1022-1030
pubmed: 32266748
Eur J Endocrinol. 2019 Apr 1;:
pubmed: 31042675
Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Nov;42(11):1925-1938
pubmed: 29523877
Endocrinology. 1999 Apr;140(4):1630-8
pubmed: 10098497
BMJ. 2016 Jul 27;354:i3794
pubmed: 27814663
Osteoporos Int. 2008 Jul;19(7):905-12
pubmed: 17924050
Acta Paediatr. 2016 Oct;105(10):1152-7
pubmed: 27634684
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 Apr;77(4):363-8
pubmed: 8607760
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010 Nov;6(11):629-36
pubmed: 20820194
Metabolism. 2011 Feb;60(2):243-9
pubmed: 20171704
Am J Med. 2011 Nov;124(11):1043-50
pubmed: 22017783
Cell. 2000 Jan 21;100(2):197-207
pubmed: 10660043
J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Mar;32(3):575-583
pubmed: 27736026
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2019 Dec;17(6):446-454
pubmed: 31749085
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Aug 2;2021:3582989
pubmed: 34394379
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017 Aug 1;18(8):733.e1-733.e5
pubmed: 28431912
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 Feb;2(2):165-74
pubmed: 24622720
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Mar;95(3):1247-55
pubmed: 20080853
Bone. 2009 Jun;44(6):1097-104
pubmed: 19264159
J Obes. 2011;2011:
pubmed: 20953373
Mol Med Rep. 2013 Apr;7(4):1203-8
pubmed: 23444006
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Jul;56(7):M428-37
pubmed: 11445602
Circulation. 2009 Oct 20;120(16):1640-5
pubmed: 19805654
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2017 Jan 4;14:1
pubmed: 28053645
Clin Rheumatol. 1993 Jun;12(2):236-9
pubmed: 8358986
Br J Sports Med. 2005 Jan;39(1):4-5
pubmed: 15618330
Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Sep 24;9:1629-36
pubmed: 25284996
Eur J Endocrinol. 2002 Nov;147(5):571-4
pubmed: 12444887
J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Feb;19(2):256-64
pubmed: 14969395
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Sep 3;116(36):17980-17989
pubmed: 31434789
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Aug;68(8):1869-75
pubmed: 27059260
Bone. 2008 Jan;42(1):172-9
pubmed: 17997378
Exp Gerontol. 2011 Jan;46(1):43-52
pubmed: 20923699
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2016 Jun 27;7:74
pubmed: 27445977
J Bone Miner Res. 2012 Feb;27(2):294-300
pubmed: 22095911
Metabolism. 2016 Apr;65(4):574-85
pubmed: 26805016
JAMA Surg. 2017 Feb 15;152(2):e164604
pubmed: 28030710
BMC Endocr Disord. 2014 Dec 10;14:93
pubmed: 25492884
Gut Microbes. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):2000275
pubmed: 34856844
Osteoporos Int. 2014 Feb;25(2):423-39
pubmed: 24008401
Diabetes Care. 2019 Aug;42(8):1365-1371
pubmed: 31332027
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Sep;45(3 Suppl):S116-24
pubmed: 11511861
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Oct 1;104(10):4639-4650
pubmed: 31322672
J Sport Health Sci. 2021 Sep;10(5):550-559
pubmed: 34004388
Biores Open Access. 2018 Oct 10;7(1):150-158
pubmed: 30327744
Endocrine. 2009 Jun;35(3):371-9
pubmed: 19288226
Calcif Tissue Int. 2016 Jul;99(1):30-42
pubmed: 26939775
Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 May 7;100(18):e25302
pubmed: 33950919
Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2016 Dec;31(4):547-558
pubmed: 27834082
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 22;13(11):
pubmed: 34835987
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014 Dec;16(12):1204-13
pubmed: 25132010
Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2014 Mar-Apr;10(2):355-60
pubmed: 24411192
Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Sep;32(9):1431-7
pubmed: 18607383
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jun;93(6):2181-7
pubmed: 18364384
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2016 Jul 27;7:102
pubmed: 27512386
Eur Spine J. 2013 Nov;22 Suppl 6:S945-9
pubmed: 24061969
World Rev Nutr Diet. 2013;106:135-41
pubmed: 23428692
J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Aug 30;5(9):
pubmed: 27577581
Yonsei Med J. 2010 Nov;51(6):857-63
pubmed: 20879051
Osteoporos Int. 2005 Mar;16 Suppl 2:S3-7
pubmed: 15365697
J Bone Miner Metab. 2008;26(6):618-23
pubmed: 18979162
J Osteoporos. 2015;2015:152349
pubmed: 25969766
Osteoporos Int. 2017 Oct;28(10):2781-2790
pubmed: 28733716
Gait Posture. 2003 Apr;17(2):136-41
pubmed: 12633774
Obes Surg. 2018 Jul;28(7):1886-1894
pubmed: 29322299
J Biomech. 2005 Mar;38(3):627-34
pubmed: 15652564
J Clin Rheumatol. 2006 Apr;12(2):70-7
pubmed: 16601540
J Bone Miner Res. 2009 Aug;24(8):1369-79
pubmed: 19292617
J Osteoporos Phys Act. 2017;5(4):
pubmed: 29388604
J Clin Densitom. 2021 Apr-Jun;24(2):225-232
pubmed: 31109773
Clin Calcium. 2013 May;23(5):707-12
pubmed: 23628684
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 29;348(3):1082-8
pubmed: 16904067
Age Ageing. 2013 Sep;42(5):561-6
pubmed: 23864423
Osteoporos Int. 2014 Jan;25(1):151-8
pubmed: 23912559
J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Apr;21(4):605-15
pubmed: 16598381
J Endocrinol Invest. 2014 Apr;37(4):359-67
pubmed: 24477947
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Sep;99(9):3290-7
pubmed: 24878039
J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Mar;25(3):513-9
pubmed: 20422623
Nature. 1998 Oct 22;395(6704):763-70
pubmed: 9796811
Osteoporos Int. 2005 Nov;16(11):1330-8
pubmed: 15928804
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008 Nov;11(6):693-700
pubmed: 18827572
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 May 03;10:269
pubmed: 31130918
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Apr;100(4):1452-9
pubmed: 25646793
Maturitas. 2015 Feb;80(2):126-32
pubmed: 25533145
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014 Apr;1311:14-30
pubmed: 24650218
J Cell Biochem. 2002;85(4):825-36
pubmed: 11968022
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019 Feb;29:137-141
pubmed: 30661677
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2006 Nov;15(9):1028-34
pubmed: 17125421
Stem Cells. 2009 Sep;27(9):2254-62
pubmed: 19522015
Bone. 2016 Sep;90:23-30
pubmed: 26657826
Osteoporos Int. 2015 Nov;26(11):2587-95
pubmed: 26025288
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Dec;23(12):2344-8
pubmed: 26193177
J Bone Miner Res. 2003 Jun;18(6):1139-41
pubmed: 12817771
J Cell Physiol. 2010 Aug;224(2):475-83
pubmed: 20432444
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr;90(4):1998-2004
pubmed: 15671096
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020 Oct 13;13:3667-3690
pubmed: 33116718
Endocr Pract. 2018 Mar;24(3):256-264
pubmed: 29144812
Menopause. 2010 Sep-Oct;17(5):955-61
pubmed: 20613668
Biomed Eng Online. 2019 Mar 22;18(1):33
pubmed: 30902108
Rev Bras Ortop. 2017 Sep 22;53(3):300-305
pubmed: 29892580
J Clin Invest. 2000 Nov;106(10):1229-37
pubmed: 11086024
Proc Assoc Am Physicians. 1998 Nov-Dec;110(6):559-74
pubmed: 9824538
J Bone Miner Res. 2015 Aug;30(8):1377-85
pubmed: 25640580
Osteoporos Int. 2007 May;18(5):641-7
pubmed: 17139464
Bone. 2017 Feb;95:85-90
pubmed: 27871812
Bone. 2020 Dec;141:115580
pubmed: 32795675
Bone. 2010 Jan;46(1):217-25
pubmed: 19853069
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015 Mar 4;97(5):429-37
pubmed: 25740034
Neuroimmunomodulation. 2005;12(5):255-69
pubmed: 16166805
Acta Orthop. 2010 Feb;81(1):148-53
pubmed: 20175744
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Mar;98(3):935-45
pubmed: 23393168
Osteoporos Int. 2011 Feb;22(2):635-45
pubmed: 20533027
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Feb;98(2):541-9
pubmed: 23295461
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015 Jan-Feb;60(1):52-8
pubmed: 25307955
Calcif Tissue Int. 2017 May;100(5):514-527
pubmed: 28105511
Injury. 2012 Jul;43(7):1199-203
pubmed: 22541759
Nature. 1994 Dec 1;372(6505):425-32
pubmed: 7984236
Obes Surg. 2018 Mar;28(3):798-804
pubmed: 28921422
Bone. 2007 Nov;41(5):745-51
pubmed: 17855178
Calcif Tissue Int. 2019 Aug;105(2):109-124
pubmed: 31098729
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 May 28;13(6):
pubmed: 27240395
Obes Surg. 2014 Jun;24(6):877-84
pubmed: 24435517
J Cell Mol Med. 2017 Jul;21(7):1411-1419
pubmed: 28176455
Obes Surg. 2002 Jun;12(3):324-7
pubmed: 12082881
J Obes Metab Syndr. 2019 Mar;28(1):4-17
pubmed: 31089575
J Pediatr Orthop. 2016 Jun;36(4):e45-8
pubmed: 26177059
Bone. 2007 Jun;40(6):1544-53
pubmed: 17383950
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Jun;66(6):1247-50
pubmed: 3372686
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2004 Nov-Dec;80(6):461-7
pubmed: 15622422
Bone. 2008 May;42(5):996-1003
pubmed: 18329355
Int J Prev Med. 2014 Nov;5(11):1452-63
pubmed: 25538842
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Jan;60(1):124-9
pubmed: 22150343
Osteoporos Int. 2006;17(7):1065-77
pubmed: 16758143
J Foot Ankle Surg. 2012 Sep-Oct;51(5):543-7
pubmed: 22789485
J Clin Densitom. 2018 Apr - Jun;21(2):163-171
pubmed: 28687244
J Bone Miner Res. 1993 May;8(5):567-73
pubmed: 8511983
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Jun;98(6):2562-72
pubmed: 23515452
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996 Nov;20(11):1027-32
pubmed: 8923160
Obes Surg. 2016 Jan;26(1):91-7
pubmed: 25982806
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Mar;89(3):1061-5
pubmed: 15001587
Arch Osteoporos. 2018 Apr 28;13(1):48
pubmed: 29705875
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010 May;13(3):271-6
pubmed: 20154609
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;90(7):4119-23
pubmed: 15855256
Eat Weight Disord. 2018 Jun;23(3):293-302
pubmed: 29637521
Osteoporos Int. 2008 Jan;19(1):29-38
pubmed: 17660933
Eur Geriatr Med. 2018 Aug;9(4):419-434
pubmed: 34674498
J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2012 Jun;12(2):84-94
pubmed: 22647282
Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:309570
pubmed: 24527032
Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Dec;94(48):e2087
pubmed: 26632892
Peptides. 2016 Mar;77:28-37
pubmed: 26344355
Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2020 Aug;10(8):1614-1635
pubmed: 32742956
Calcif Tissue Int. 2021 Sep 4;:
pubmed: 34480200
PLoS One. 2010 Dec 20;5(12):e14387
pubmed: 21187914
J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls. 2017 Jun 01;2(2):28-32
pubmed: 32300680
Calcif Tissue Int. 2015 Apr;96(4):313-23
pubmed: 25673503
J Bone Miner Res. 2018 Jun;33(6):1154-1165
pubmed: 29444341
Gerontology. 2016;62(3):337-44
pubmed: 26821158
Endocrine. 2015 Sep;50(1):239-49
pubmed: 25700562
J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Jun;32(6):1229-1236
pubmed: 28251687
Nat Med. 2001 Aug;7(8):941-6
pubmed: 11479627
Adv Nutr. 2017 Sep 15;8(5):728-738
pubmed: 28916573
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Dec 21;8:600181
pubmed: 33409277
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jan 9;115(2):427-432
pubmed: 29279372
J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2020 Sep 1;20(3):372-381
pubmed: 32877973
J Cell Biochem. 2008 Mar 1;103(4):1054-65
pubmed: 17973271
Circulation. 2005 Oct 25;112(17):2735-52
pubmed: 16157765
Biogerontology. 2001;2(3):165-71
pubmed: 11708718
Osteoporos Int. 2015 Oct;26(10):2471-8
pubmed: 25986383
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020 Apr 17;75(5):952-960
pubmed: 31750880
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015 May;67(5):633-9
pubmed: 25331686
J Nutr Health Aging. 2013 Mar;17(3):259-62
pubmed: 23459979
Mater Sociomed. 2015 Aug;27(4):259-62
pubmed: 26543419
Bone. 2013 Nov;57(1):30-5
pubmed: 23871747
Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(12):985-1009
pubmed: 11256898
Gene. 2003 Dec 4;321:1-15
pubmed: 14636987
J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Aug;15(8):1526-36
pubmed: 10934651
Bone. 2021 Apr;145:115781
pubmed: 33285255
Obes Res. 2001 Jul;9(7):414-7
pubmed: 11445664
J Bone Miner Metab. 2013 Sep;31(5):571-8
pubmed: 23529801
FASEB J. 1995 Mar;9(5):441-5
pubmed: 7896017
Obes Surg. 2019 Apr;29(4):1327-1342
pubmed: 30725431
Eur J Endocrinol. 2000 Feb;142(2):170-3
pubmed: 10664526
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 May;18(5):918-25
pubmed: 20094039
Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 05;5:15942
pubmed: 26537785
Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Oct;75(10):e14537
pubmed: 34132007
Mol Med Rep. 2015 Sep;12(3):3874-3880
pubmed: 25997439
J Clin Invest. 2005 Feb;115(2):282-90
pubmed: 15668736
Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2012 Apr;4(2):61-76
pubmed: 22870496
Calcif Tissue Int. 2017 May;100(5):500-513
pubmed: 28013362
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2017 Apr;44(4):500-508
pubmed: 28074479
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Jun;22(6):1568-74
pubmed: 24585708
J Bone Miner Res. 1999 Sep;14(9):1622-7
pubmed: 10469292
BMJ. 2012 Aug 03;345:e5085
pubmed: 22867649
Osteoporos Int. 2011 Feb;22(2):463-75
pubmed: 20431993
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014 Aug;105(2):141-50
pubmed: 24798950
Front Physiol. 2016 Sep 29;7:439
pubmed: 27746742
Obes Res Clin Pract. 2017 Jul - Aug;11(4):454-463
pubmed: 28065384
Pediatrics. 2010 Apr;125(4):681-5
pubmed: 20194280
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2003 Jun;1(1):11-9
pubmed: 16036060
J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Apr;25(4):757-68
pubmed: 19821771
Hum Reprod Update. 2017 May 1;23(3):300-321
pubmed: 28333235
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011 Apr;20(4):525-31
pubmed: 21438699
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010 Jan;65(1):71-7
pubmed: 19887536
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Oct 7;335(4):1095-101
pubmed: 16111656