How much energetic trade-offs limit selection? Insights from livestock and related laboratory model species.
livestock breeding
metabolic rate
pleiotropy
senescence
trade‐offs
Journal
Evolutionary applications
ISSN: 1752-4571
Titre abrégé: Evol Appl
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101461828
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2021
Dec 2021
Historique:
received:
01
07
2021
revised:
22
10
2021
accepted:
22
10
2021
entrez:
24
12
2021
pubmed:
25
12
2021
medline:
25
12
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Trade-offs between life history traits are expected to occur due to the limited amount of resources that organisms can obtain and share among biological functions, but are of least concern for selection responses in nutrient-rich or benign environments. In domestic animals, selection limits have not yet been reached despite strong selection for higher meat, milk or egg yields. Yet, negative genetic correlations between productivity traits and health or fertility traits have often been reported, supporting the view that trade-offs do occur in the context of nonlimiting resources. The importance of allocation mechanisms in limiting genetic changes can thus be questioned when animals are mostly constrained by their time to acquire and process energy rather than by feed availability. Selection for high productivity traits early in life should promote a fast metabolism with less energy allocated to self-maintenance (contributing to soma preservation and repair). Consequently, the capacity to breed shortly after an intensive period of production or to remain healthy should be compromised. We assessed those predictions in mammalian and avian livestock and related laboratory model species. First, we surveyed studies that compared energy allocation to maintenance between breeds or lines of contrasting productivity but found little support for the occurrence of an energy allocation trade-off. Second, selection experiments for lower feed intake per unit of product (i.e. higher feed efficiency) generally resulted in reduced allocation to maintenance, but this did not entail fitness costs in terms of survival or future reproduction. These findings indicate that the consequences of a particular selection in domestic animals are much more difficult to predict than one could anticipate from the energy allocation framework alone. Future developments to predict the contribution of time constraints and trade-offs to selection limits will be insightful to breed livestock in increasingly challenging environments.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34950226
doi: 10.1111/eva.13320
pii: EVA13320
pmc: PMC8674892
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
2726-2749Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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