Clinical sign and biomarker-based algorithm to identify bacterial pneumonia among outpatients with lower respiratory tract infection in Tanzania.


Journal

BMC infectious diseases
ISSN: 1471-2334
Titre abrégé: BMC Infect Dis
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968551

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
06 Jan 2022
Historique:
received: 01 09 2021
accepted: 13 12 2021
entrez: 7 1 2022
pubmed: 8 1 2022
medline: 11 1 2022
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Inappropriate antibiotics use in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) is a major contributor to resistance. We aimed to design an algorithm based on clinical signs and host biomarkers to identify bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among patients with LRTI. Participants with LRTI were selected in a prospective cohort of febrile (≥ 38 °C) adults presenting to outpatient clinics in Dar es Salaam. Participants underwent chest X-ray, multiplex PCR for respiratory pathogens, and measurements of 13 biomarkers. We evaluated the predictive accuracy of clinical signs and biomarkers using logistic regression and classification and regression tree analysis. Of 110 patients with LRTI, 17 had bacterial CAP. Procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble triggering receptor expressed by myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) showed an excellent predictive accuracy to identify bacterial CAP (AUROC 0.88, 95%CI 0.78-0.98; 0.84, 0.72-0.99; 0.83, 0.74-0.92, respectively). Combining respiratory rate with PCT or IL-6 significantly improved the model compared to respiratory rate alone (p = 0.006, p = 0.033, respectively). An algorithm with respiratory rate (≥ 32/min) and PCT (≥ 0.25 μg/L) had 94% sensitivity and 82% specificity. PCT, IL-6 and sTREM-1 had an excellent predictive accuracy in differentiating bacterial CAP from other LRTIs. An algorithm combining respiratory rate and PCT displayed even better performance in this sub-Sahara African setting.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Inappropriate antibiotics use in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) is a major contributor to resistance. We aimed to design an algorithm based on clinical signs and host biomarkers to identify bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among patients with LRTI.
METHODS METHODS
Participants with LRTI were selected in a prospective cohort of febrile (≥ 38 °C) adults presenting to outpatient clinics in Dar es Salaam. Participants underwent chest X-ray, multiplex PCR for respiratory pathogens, and measurements of 13 biomarkers. We evaluated the predictive accuracy of clinical signs and biomarkers using logistic regression and classification and regression tree analysis.
RESULTS RESULTS
Of 110 patients with LRTI, 17 had bacterial CAP. Procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble triggering receptor expressed by myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) showed an excellent predictive accuracy to identify bacterial CAP (AUROC 0.88, 95%CI 0.78-0.98; 0.84, 0.72-0.99; 0.83, 0.74-0.92, respectively). Combining respiratory rate with PCT or IL-6 significantly improved the model compared to respiratory rate alone (p = 0.006, p = 0.033, respectively). An algorithm with respiratory rate (≥ 32/min) and PCT (≥ 0.25 μg/L) had 94% sensitivity and 82% specificity.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
PCT, IL-6 and sTREM-1 had an excellent predictive accuracy in differentiating bacterial CAP from other LRTIs. An algorithm combining respiratory rate and PCT displayed even better performance in this sub-Sahara African setting.

Identifiants

pubmed: 34991507
doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06994-9
pii: 10.1186/s12879-021-06994-9
pmc: PMC8735728
doi:

Substances chimiques

Biomarkers 0
C-Reactive Protein 9007-41-4

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

39

Subventions

Organisme : Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
ID : OPP-1022128
Organisme : Canadian Institutes of Health Research,Canada
ID : FDN-148439
Organisme : Fondation Leenaards
ID : postdoctoral fellowship

Informations de copyright

© 2022. The Author(s).

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Auteurs

Sarika K L Hogendoorn (SKL)

Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. sarika.hogendoorn@gmail.com.

Loïc Lhopitallier (L)

Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Melissa Richard-Greenblatt (M)

Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Estelle Tenisch (E)

Department of Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Zainab Mbarack (Z)

Mwananyamala Hospital, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.

Josephine Samaka (J)

Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.

Tarsis Mlaganile (T)

Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.

Aline Mamin (A)

Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Emerging Viral Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.

Blaise Genton (B)

Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Laurent Kaiser (L)

Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Emerging Viral Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.

Valérie D'Acremont (V)

Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Kevin C Kain (KC)

Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Noémie Boillat-Blanco (N)

Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

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