Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally linked to educational attainment?

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder / epidemiology Child Educational Status Genome-Wide Association Study Humans Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
ADHD ASD Mendelian randomization cognitive ability education multivariable

Journal

International journal of epidemiology
ISSN: 1464-3685
Titre abrégé: Int J Epidemiol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 7802871

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
06 01 2022
Historique:
received: 17 08 2021
accepted: 09 05 2021
entrez: 9 1 2022
pubmed: 10 1 2022
medline: 22 3 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

The association patterns of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with educational attainment (EA) are complex; children with ADHD and ASD are at risk of poor academic outcomes, and parental EA has been associated with risk of ADHD/ASD in the offspring. Little is known on the causal links between ADHD, ASD, EA and the potential contribution of cognitive ability. Using the latest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data on ADHD, ASD and EA, we applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the effects of genetic liability to ADHD and ASD on EA. Reverse direction analyses were additionally performed. Multivariable MR was performed to estimate any effects independent of cognitive ability. Genetic liability to ADHD had a negative effect on EA, independently of cognitive ability (MVMRIVW: -1.7 months of education per doubling of genetic liability to ADHD; 95% CI: -2.8 to -0.7), whereas genetic liability to ASD a positive effect (MVMRIVW: 30 days per doubling of the genetic liability to ASD; 95% CI: 2 to 53). Reverse direction analyses suggested that genetic liability to higher EA had an effect on lower risk of ADHD, independently of cognitive ability (MVMRIVWOR: 0.33 per SD increase; 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.43) and increased risk of ASD (MRIVWOR: 1.51 per SD increase; 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.77), which was partly explained by cognitive ability (MVMRIVWOR per SD increase: 1.24; 95%CI: 0.96 to 1.60). Genetic liability to ADHD and ASD is likely to affect educational attainment, independently of underlying cognitive ability.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
The association patterns of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with educational attainment (EA) are complex; children with ADHD and ASD are at risk of poor academic outcomes, and parental EA has been associated with risk of ADHD/ASD in the offspring. Little is known on the causal links between ADHD, ASD, EA and the potential contribution of cognitive ability.
METHODS
Using the latest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data on ADHD, ASD and EA, we applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the effects of genetic liability to ADHD and ASD on EA. Reverse direction analyses were additionally performed. Multivariable MR was performed to estimate any effects independent of cognitive ability.
RESULTS
Genetic liability to ADHD had a negative effect on EA, independently of cognitive ability (MVMRIVW: -1.7 months of education per doubling of genetic liability to ADHD; 95% CI: -2.8 to -0.7), whereas genetic liability to ASD a positive effect (MVMRIVW: 30 days per doubling of the genetic liability to ASD; 95% CI: 2 to 53). Reverse direction analyses suggested that genetic liability to higher EA had an effect on lower risk of ADHD, independently of cognitive ability (MVMRIVWOR: 0.33 per SD increase; 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.43) and increased risk of ASD (MRIVWOR: 1.51 per SD increase; 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.77), which was partly explained by cognitive ability (MVMRIVWOR per SD increase: 1.24; 95%CI: 0.96 to 1.60).
CONCLUSIONS
Genetic liability to ADHD and ASD is likely to affect educational attainment, independently of underlying cognitive ability.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab107 PMID: 34999873 PMC: PMC8743131
pubmed: 34999873
pii: 6499390
doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab107
pmc: PMC8743131
doi:
pii:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

2011-2023

Subventions

Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 108902/B/15/Z
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 204895/Z/16/Z
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/P014437/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_UU_00011/3
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom

Informations de copyright

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.

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Auteurs

Christina Dardani (C)

Centre of Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2019-7897

Lucy Riglin (L)

Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Beate Leppert (B)

Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5300-3331

Eleanor Sanderson (E)

Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5188-5775

Dheeraj Rai (D)

Centre of Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Laura D Howe (LD)

Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

George Davey Smith (G)

Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Kate Tilling (K)

Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Anita Thapar (A)

Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Neil M Davies (NM)

Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2460-0508

Emma Anderson (E)

Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Evie Stergiakouli (E)

Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Troubles du développement neurologique › Troubles déficitaires de l'attention et du comportement perturbateur › Trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité › Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally...
questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Troubles du développement neurologique › Troubles généralisés du développement de l'enfant › Trouble du spectre autistique › Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Enfant › Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally...
questionsmedicales.fr › Caractéristiques de la population › Facteurs socioéconomiques › Niveau d'instruction › Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Épidémiologie moléculaire › Étude d'association pangénomique › Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes génétiques › Variation génétique › Polymorphisme génétique › Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple › Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally...