The Tubulin Code and Tubulin-Modifying Enzymes in Autophagy and Cancer.
acetylation
autophagy
cancer
microtubules
tubulin post-translational modifications
tubulin-modifying enzymes
tyrosination
Journal
Cancers
ISSN: 2072-6694
Titre abrégé: Cancers (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101526829
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
21 Dec 2021
21 Dec 2021
Historique:
received:
11
11
2021
revised:
15
12
2021
accepted:
16
12
2021
entrez:
11
1
2022
pubmed:
12
1
2022
medline:
12
1
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Microtubules are key components of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. Microtubule dynamic instability together with the "tubulin code" generated by the choice of different α- and β- tubulin isoforms and tubulin post-translational modifications have essential roles in the control of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell shape, cell motility, and intracellular trafficking, that are deregulated in cancer. In this review, we will discuss available evidence that highlights the crucial role of the tubulin code in determining different cancer phenotypes, including metastatic cell migration, drug resistance, and tumor vascularization, and the influence of modulating tubulin-modifying enzymes on cancer cell survival and aggressiveness. We will also discuss the role of post-translationally modified microtubules in autophagy-the lysosomal-mediated cellular degradation pathway-that exerts a dual role in many cancer types, either promoting or suppressing cancer growth. We will give particular emphasis to the role of tubulin post-translational modifications and their regulating enzymes in controlling the different stages of the autophagic process in cancer cells, and consider how the experimental modulation of tubulin-modifying enzymes influences the autophagic process in cancer cells and impacts on cancer cell survival and thereby represents a new and fruitful avenue in cancer therapy.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35008169
pii: cancers14010006
doi: 10.3390/cancers14010006
pmc: PMC8750717
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Subventions
Organisme : Italian Association for Cancer Research
ID : 24942
Organisme : POR FESR Lazio 2014-2020
ID : 108016-0300-0327
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