Retinoid X Receptor: Cellular and Biochemical Roles of Nuclear Receptor with a Focus on Neuropathological Involvement.
Alzheimer disease
Bexarotene
Endogenous ligands
Exogenous ligands
Glaucoma
Glucose metabolism
Heterodimerisation
Lipid X receptor (LXR)
Lipid metabolism ligand
Multiple sclerosis
Neuroinflammation
Neuronal stress
Neuroprotection
Nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1)
Nuclear receptors
Parkinson disease
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)
Retinoid X receptor (RXR)
Stroke
Journal
Molecular neurobiology
ISSN: 1559-1182
Titre abrégé: Mol Neurobiol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8900963
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Apr 2022
Apr 2022
Historique:
received:
19
08
2021
accepted:
21
12
2021
pubmed:
12
1
2022
medline:
21
4
2022
entrez:
11
1
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) present a subgroup of the nuclear receptor superfamily with particularly high evolutionary conservation of ligand binding domain. The receptor exists in α, β, and γ isotypes that form homo-/heterodimeric complexes with other permissive and non-permissive receptors. While research has identified the biochemical roles of several nuclear receptor family members, the roles of RXRs in various neurological disorders remain relatively under-investigated. RXR acts as ligand-regulated transcription factor, modulating the expression of genes that plays a critical role in mediating several developmental, metabolic, and biochemical processes. Cumulative evidence indicates that abnormal RXR signalling affects neuronal stress and neuroinflammatory networks in several neuropathological conditions. Protective effects of targeting RXRs through pharmacological ligands have been established in various cell and animal models of neuronal injury including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. This review summarises the existing knowledge about the roles of RXR, its interacting partners, and ligands in CNS disorders. Future research will determine the importance of structural and functional heterogeneity amongst various RXR isotypes as well as elucidate functional links between RXR homo- or heterodimers and specific physiological conditions to increase drug targeting efficiency in pathological conditions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35015251
doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02709-y
pii: 10.1007/s12035-021-02709-y
pmc: PMC9015987
doi:
Substances chimiques
Ligands
0
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
0
Retinoid X Receptors
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2027-2050Commentaires et corrections
Type : ErratumIn
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
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