Molecular and morphological analyses clarify species delimitation in section Costatae and reveal Betula buggsii sp. nov. (sect. Costatae, Betulaceae) in China.
Birch
RAD-seq
flow cytometry
microsatellite markers
polyploidy
species delineation
Journal
Annals of botany
ISSN: 1095-8290
Titre abrégé: Ann Bot
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0372347
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
23 03 2022
23 03 2022
Historique:
received:
22
10
2021
accepted:
05
01
2022
pubmed:
13
1
2022
medline:
6
5
2022
entrez:
12
1
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Delineating closely related and morphologically similar species is difficult. Here, we integrate morphology, genetics, ploidy and geography to resolve species and subspecies boundaries in four trees of section Costatae (genus Betula): Betula ashburneri, B. costata, B. ermanii and B. utilis, as well as multiple subspecies and polyploid races. We genotyped 371 individuals (20-133 per species) from 51 populations at 15 microsatellite markers, as well as a subset of individuals, using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing and nuclear internal transcribed spacers. We determined the ploidy level of eight individuals using flow cytometry and characterized leaf variation for a subset of 109 individuals by morphometric analysis. Integration of multiple lines of evidence suggested a series of revisions to the taxonomy of section Costatae. Betula costata and B. ermanii were found to be valid. Molecular and leaf morphology analyses revealed little differentiation between diploid B. albosinensis and some samples of B. utilis ssp. utilis. By contrast, other B. utilis ssp. utilis samples and ssp. albosinensis formed a morphological continuum but differed based on genetics. Specifically, B. utilis ssp. albosinensis was divided into two groups with group I genetically similar to B. utilis ssp. utilis and group II, a distinct cluster, proposed as the new diploid species Betula buggsii sp. nov. Phylogenomic analysis based on 2285 620 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified a well-supported monophyletic clade of B. buggsii. Morphologically, B. buggsii is characterized by elongated lenticels and a distinct pattern of bark peeling and may be geographically restricted to the Qinling-Daba Mountains. Our integrated approach identifies six taxa within section Costatae: B. ashburneri, B. buggsii, B. costata, B. utilis ssp. utilis, B. utilis ssp. albosinensis and B. ermanii. Our research demonstrates the value of an integrative approach using morphological, geographical, genetic and ploidy-level data for species delineation.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Delineating closely related and morphologically similar species is difficult. Here, we integrate morphology, genetics, ploidy and geography to resolve species and subspecies boundaries in four trees of section Costatae (genus Betula): Betula ashburneri, B. costata, B. ermanii and B. utilis, as well as multiple subspecies and polyploid races.
METHODS
We genotyped 371 individuals (20-133 per species) from 51 populations at 15 microsatellite markers, as well as a subset of individuals, using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing and nuclear internal transcribed spacers. We determined the ploidy level of eight individuals using flow cytometry and characterized leaf variation for a subset of 109 individuals by morphometric analysis.
KEY RESULTS
Integration of multiple lines of evidence suggested a series of revisions to the taxonomy of section Costatae. Betula costata and B. ermanii were found to be valid. Molecular and leaf morphology analyses revealed little differentiation between diploid B. albosinensis and some samples of B. utilis ssp. utilis. By contrast, other B. utilis ssp. utilis samples and ssp. albosinensis formed a morphological continuum but differed based on genetics. Specifically, B. utilis ssp. albosinensis was divided into two groups with group I genetically similar to B. utilis ssp. utilis and group II, a distinct cluster, proposed as the new diploid species Betula buggsii sp. nov. Phylogenomic analysis based on 2285 620 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified a well-supported monophyletic clade of B. buggsii. Morphologically, B. buggsii is characterized by elongated lenticels and a distinct pattern of bark peeling and may be geographically restricted to the Qinling-Daba Mountains.
CONCLUSIONS
Our integrated approach identifies six taxa within section Costatae: B. ashburneri, B. buggsii, B. costata, B. utilis ssp. utilis, B. utilis ssp. albosinensis and B. ermanii. Our research demonstrates the value of an integrative approach using morphological, geographical, genetic and ploidy-level data for species delineation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35018419
pii: 6501269
doi: 10.1093/aob/mcac001
pmc: PMC8944703
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
415-428Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Références
Genome Res. 2010 Sep;20(9):1297-303
pubmed: 20644199
Mol Ecol. 2018 Feb;27(3):613-635
pubmed: 29334414
Q Rev Biol. 2004 Jun;79(2):161-79
pubmed: 15232950
Mol Ecol Resour. 2011 May;11(3):562-6
pubmed: 21481215
Bioinformatics. 2011 Nov 1;27(21):2987-93
pubmed: 21903627
Bioinformatics. 2008 Jun 1;24(11):1403-5
pubmed: 18397895
Bioinformatics. 2006 Nov 1;22(21):2688-90
pubmed: 16928733
Mol Ecol. 2015 Oct;24(20):5130-44
pubmed: 26407171
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2013 Jul;68(1):135-43
pubmed: 23507430
Heredity (Edinb). 2018 Oct;121(4):304-318
pubmed: 30111882
Bioinformatics. 2009 Jul 15;25(14):1754-60
pubmed: 19451168
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2009 Oct;53(1):122-33
pubmed: 19524052
Mol Ecol. 2017 Jan;26(2):589-605
pubmed: 27763698
Trends Ecol Evol. 2007 Mar;22(3):148-55
pubmed: 17129636
Ann Bot. 2015 Jul;116(1):35-48
pubmed: 25987712
Mol Ecol. 2005 Jul;14(8):2611-20
pubmed: 15969739
Mol Ecol. 2020 Jun;29(12):2269-2287
pubmed: 32452095
Ann Bot. 2020 Mar 9;125(3):495-507
pubmed: 31730195
Ann Bot. 2012 Nov;110(6):1185-93
pubmed: 22922587
Bioinformatics. 2014 Aug 1;30(15):2114-20
pubmed: 24695404
Mol Ecol. 2004 Jul;13(7):2101-6
pubmed: 15189230
Mol Ecol. 2014 Jun;23(11):2771-82
pubmed: 24762172
Bioessays. 2005 Dec;27(12):1263-9
pubmed: 16299765
Am J Bot. 2004 Dec;91(12):2022-9
pubmed: 21652351
BMC Bioinformatics. 2011 Jun 18;12:246
pubmed: 21682921
Mol Ecol. 2010 Apr;19(8):1675-90
pubmed: 20345692
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2021 Jul;160:107126
pubmed: 33647400
Nat Genet. 2011 May;43(5):491-8
pubmed: 21478889
Mol Ecol. 2013 Jun;22(11):3098-111
pubmed: 23167599
Syst Biol. 2007 Dec;56(6):879-86
pubmed: 18027281
Mol Ecol. 2014 Sep;23(17):4344-61
pubmed: 24828576
Syst Biol. 1998 Jun;47(2):181-207
pubmed: 12064226
Ann Bot. 2019 Jul 8;123(7):1179-1189
pubmed: 30916314
Bioinformatics. 2016 Sep 15;32(18):2817-23
pubmed: 27283948
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Jul 17;11:1077
pubmed: 32765560
Genetics. 2000 Jun;155(2):945-59
pubmed: 10835412
BMC Evol Biol. 2012 Feb 22;12:23
pubmed: 22353848
Mol Ecol. 2016 Jun;25(11):2413-26
pubmed: 27065091
Bioinformatics. 2009 Aug 15;25(16):2078-9
pubmed: 19505943
Ann Bot. 2016 May;117(6):1023-35
pubmed: 27072644
Bioinformatics. 2007 Jul 15;23(14):1801-6
pubmed: 17485429
Ann Bot. 2019 Nov 15;124(5):769-775
pubmed: 31250895
Nat Genet. 2017 Jun;49(6):904-912
pubmed: 28481341