A Psychometric Evaluation of the Intrasexual Competition Scale.
Aggression
Intrasexual Competition Scale
Intrasexual competition
Measurement invariance
Sex differences
Journal
Archives of sexual behavior
ISSN: 1573-2800
Titre abrégé: Arch Sex Behav
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 1273516
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2022
08 2022
Historique:
received:
20
04
2021
accepted:
28
09
2021
revised:
18
09
2021
pubmed:
14
1
2022
medline:
12
8
2022
entrez:
13
1
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The Intrasexual Competition Scale (ICS) measures the extent to which individuals view their interaction with same-sex others in competitive terms. Although it is frequently used in studies investigating differences in mating behavior, the factor structure of the ICS has never been confirmed. Researchers have yet to use multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis to test whether the properties of the scale are equivalent between the sexes. In Study 1, we report on an investigation in which participants' responses to the ICS were submitted to exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In Study 2A, we compared the fit of one and two-factor models from the EFA as well as two additional models, using confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample. The best fit was obtained by a two-factor solution, which reflected: (1) respondents' feelings of frustration when intrasexual competitors are better off (Inferiority Frustration), and (2) respondents' enjoyment of being better than intrasexual competitors (Superiority Enjoyment). This model achieved a high degree of measurement invariance. In Study 2B, we found the ICS had good concurrent validity via associations with sociosexuality, mating effort, and sexual behavior. Together, these analyses suggest that the ICS is a valid measure of intrasexually competitive attitudes.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35022911
doi: 10.1007/s10508-021-02167-6
pii: 10.1007/s10508-021-02167-6
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2741-2758Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Références
Albert, G., & Arnocky, S. (2016). Use of mate retention strategies. In T. K. Shackelford & V. A. Weekes-Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science. Springer Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_151-1
Albert, G., Richardson, G. B., Arnocky, S., Senveli, Z., & Hodges-Simeon, C. R. (2021). The development and psychometric evaluation of a new mating effort questionnaire. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(2), 511–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01799-4
doi: 10.1007/s10508-020-01799-4
pubmed: 32839933
Arnocky, S., Albert, G., Carré, J. M., & Ortiz, T. (2018). Intrasexual competition mediates the relationship between men’s testosterone and mate retention behavior. Physiology & Behavior, 186, 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.01.007
doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.01.007
Arnocky, S., Ribout, A., Mirza, R., & Knack, J. M. (2014a). Perceived mate availability influences intrasexual competition, jealousy, and mate guarding behaviour. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 12(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1556/JEP.12.2014.1.3
doi: 10.1556/JEP.12.2014.1.3
Arnocky, S., Sunderani, S., Albert, G., & Norris, K. (2014b). Sex differences and individual differences in human facilitative and preventive courtship. Interpersona, 8(2), 210–221. https://doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v8i2.159
doi: 10.5964/ijpr.v8i2.159
Arnocky, S., Sunderani, S., Miller, J. L., & Vaillancourt, T. (2012). Jealousy mediates the relationship between attractiveness comparison and females’ indirect aggression. Personal Relationships, 19(2), 290–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01362.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01362.x
Atari, M., Chaudhary, N., & Al-Shawaf, L. (2020). Mate preferences in three Muslim-majority countries: Sex differences and personality correlates. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(4), 533–545.
doi: 10.1177/1948550619866187
Benjamin, D. J., Berger, J. O., Johannesson, M., Nosek, B. A., Wagenmakers, E. J., Berk, R., & Cesarini, D. (2018). Redefine statistical significance. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0189-z
doi: 10.1038/s41562-017-0189-z
pubmed: 30980045
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
pubmed: 2320703
Björkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K. M., & Kaukiainen, A. (1992). Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 18(2), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:2<117::AID-AB2480180205>3.0.CO;2-3
Bleske-Rechek, A., & Buss, D. M. (2006). Sexual strategies pursued and mate attraction tactics deployed. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(6), 1299–1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.014
Brown, T. A. (2003). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire: Multiple factors or method effects? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(12), 1411–1426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00059-7
doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00059-7
pubmed: 14583411
Brown, T. A. (2014). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Publications.
Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2016). Amazon’s Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality data? In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Methodological issues and strategies in clinical research (pp. 133–139). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14805-009
doi: 10.1037/14805-009
Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2002). Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information-theoretic approach. Springer.
Buss, D. M. (1988). The evolution of human intrasexual competition: Tactics of mate attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(4), 616–628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.616
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.616
pubmed: 3367282
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00023992
doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00023992
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100(2), 204–232. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204
doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204
pubmed: 8483982
Buss, D. M., Shackelford, T. K., & McKibbin, W. F. (2008). The Mate Retention Inventory-Short Form (MRI-SF). Personality and Individual Differences, 44(1), 322–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.08.013
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.08.013
Buunk, A. P., Aan’t Goor, J., & Solano, A. C. (2010). Intrasexual competition at work: Sex differences in the jealousy-evoking effect of rival characteristics in work settings. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27(5), 671–684. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407510368964
doi: 10.1177/0265407510368964
Buunk, A. P., & Fisher, M. (2009). Individual differences in intrasexual competition. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 7(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1556/JEP.7.2009.1.5
doi: 10.1556/JEP.7.2009.1.5
Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2006). Social comparison orientation: A new perspective on those who do and those who don’t compare with others. In S. Guimond (Ed.), Social comparison and social psychology; Understanding cognition, intergroup relations and culture (pp. 15–33). Cambridge University Press.
Campbell, A. (1995). A few good men: Evolutionary psychology and female adolescent aggression. Ethology and Sociobiology, 16(2), 99–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(94)00072-F
doi: 10.1016/0162-3095(94)00072-F
Carter, G. L., Montanaro, Z., Linney, C., & Campbell, A. C. (2015). Women’s sexual competition and the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 275–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.022
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.022
Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319–333. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319
Casler, K., Bickel, L., & Hackett, E. (2013). Separate but equal? A comparison of participants and data gathered via Amazon’s MTurk, social media, and face-to-face behavioral testing. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2156–2160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.009
doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.009
Castro, F. N., & de Araújo Lopes, F. (2011). Romantic preferences in Brazilian undergraduate students: From the short term to the long term. Journal of Sex Research, 48(5), 479–485. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2010.506680
doi: 10.1080/00224499.2010.506680
pubmed: 20830643
Cherek, D. R. (1981). Effects of smoking different doses of nicotine on human aggressive behavior. Psychopharmacology, 75, 339–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00435849
doi: 10.1007/BF00435849
pubmed: 6803276
Conroy-Beam, D., Goetz, C. D., & Buss, D. M. (2016). What predicts romantic relationship satisfaction and mate retention intensity: Mate preference fulfillment or mate value discrepancies? Evolution and Human Behavior, 37(6), 440–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.04.003
doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.04.003
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
doi: 10.1007/BF02310555
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1989). Homicide and cultural evolution. Ethology and Sociobiology, 10(1–3), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(89)90014-9
Davis, A. C., Dufort, C., Desrochers, J., Vaillancourt, T., & Arnocky, S. (2017). Gossip as an intrasexual competition strategy: Sex differences in gossip frequency, content, and attitudes. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 4(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-017-0124-6
doi: 10.1007/s40806-017-0124-6
Eastwick, P. W., & Finkel, E. J. (2008). Sex differences in mate preferences revisited: Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(2), 245–264. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.245
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.245
pubmed: 18211175
Fernandez, A. M., Muñoz-Reyes, J. A., & Dufey, M. (2014). BMI, age, mate value, and intrasexual competition in Chilean women. Current Psychology, 33(4), 435–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-014-9221-x
doi: 10.1007/s12144-014-9221-x
Fleischer, A., Mead, A. D., & Huang, J. (2015). Inattentive responding in MTurk and other online samples. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 8(2), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2015.25
doi: 10.1017/iop.2015.25
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
doi: 10.1177/002224378101800104
Fisher, M., Cox, A., Bennett, S., & Gavric, D. (2008). Components of self-perceived mate value. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 2(4), 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0099347
doi: 10.1037/h0099347
Gangestad, S. W., & Simpson, J. A. (1990). Toward an evolutionary history of female sociosexual variation. Journal of Personality, 58(1), 69–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00908.x
Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.1.129
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.76.1.129
pubmed: 9972558
Hauser, D. J., & Schwarz, N. (2016). Attentive Turkers: MTurk participants perform better on online attention checks than do subject pool participants. Behavior Research Methods, 48(1), 400–407. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0578-z
doi: 10.3758/s13428-015-0578-z
pubmed: 25761395
Klavina, L., & Buunk, A. P. (2013). Intergroup intrasexual competition: Reactions towards outgroup members as romantic rivals. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 11(3), 93–120. https://doi.org/10.1556/JEP.11.2013.3.1
doi: 10.1556/JEP.11.2013.3.1
Kruger, D. J., & Nesse, R. M. (2006). An evolutionary life-history framework for understanding sex differences in human mortality rates. Human Nature, 17(1), 74–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-006-1021-z
Li, N. P., Bailey, J. M., Kenrick, D. T., & Linsenmeier, J. A. (2002). The necessities and luxuries of mate preferences: Testing the tradeoffs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 947–955. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.947
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.947
pubmed: 12051582
Li, N. P., & Kenrick, D. T. (2006). Sex similarities and differences in preferences for short-term mates: What, whether, and why. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(3), 468–489. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.3.468
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.3.468
pubmed: 16594832
Lyons, M., Gillies, N., & Brewer, G. (2019). Dark Triad traits, Facebook intensity, and intrasexual competition. Personality and Individual Differences, 141, 157–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.012
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.012
MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
Meredith, W. (1993). Measurement invariance, factor analysis and factorial invariance. Psychometrika, 58(4), 525–543. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294825
doi: 10.1007/BF02294825
Millsap, R. E. (2012). Statistical approaches to measurement invariance. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203821961
doi: 10.4324/9780203821961
Penke, L., & Asendorpf, J. B. (2008). Beyond global sociosexual orientations: A more differentiated look at sociosexuality and its effects on courtship and romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1113. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1113
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1113
pubmed: 18954197
Perilloux, H. K., Webster, G. D., & Gaulin, S. J. C. (2010). Signals of genetic quality and maternal investment capacity: The dynamic effects of fluctuating asymmetry and waist-to-hip ratio on men’s ratings of women’s attractiveness. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550609349514
doi: 10.1177/1948550609349514
Preacher, K. J., & MacCallum, R. C. (2003). Repairing Tom Swift’s electric factor analysis machine. Understanding Statistics: Statistical Issues in Psychology, Education, and the Social Sciences, 2(1), 13–43. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328031US0201_02
doi: 10.1207/S15328031US0201_02
Revelle, W. R. (2017). psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research. Software.
Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
doi: 10.18637/jss.v048.i02
Sear, R., Steele, F., McGregor, I. A., & Mace, R. (2002). The effects of kin on child mortality in rural Gambia. Demography, 39(1), 43–63. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2002.0010
Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(2), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4
doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4
pubmed: 26794479
Stijsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach’s alpha. Psychometrika, 74(1), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11336-008-9101-0
doi: 10.1007/S11336-008-9101-0
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
Trivers, R. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection: Sexual selection & the descent of Man (pp. 136–179). Aldine de Gruyter.
Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02288894
doi: 10.1007/BF02288894
Vaillancourt, T., & Sharma, A. (2011). Intolerance of sexy peers: Intrasexual competition among women. Aggressive Behavior, 37(6), 569–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20413
doi: 10.1002/ab.20413
pubmed: 21932332
van Brummen-Girigori, O., & Buunk, A. (2016). Intrasexual competitiveness and non-verbal seduction strategies to attract males: A study among teenage girls from Curaçao. Evolution and Human Behavior, 37(2), 134–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.09.007
doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.09.007
van Buuren, S., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011). mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1–67. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v045.i03
doi: 10.18637/jss.v045.i03
Volk, A. A., Camilleri, J. A., Dane, A. V., & Marini, Z. A. (2012). Is adolescent bullying an evolutionary adaptation? Aggressive Behavior, 38(3), 222–238. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21418
doi: 10.1002/ab.21418
pubmed: 22331629
Walter, K. V., Conroy-Beam, D., Buss, D. M., Asao, K., Sorokowska, A., Sorokowski, P., & Zupančič, M. (2020). Sex differences in mate preferences across 45 countries: A large-scale replication. Psychological Science, 31(4), 408–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620904154
doi: 10.1177/0956797620904154
pubmed: 32196435
Wang, S., Chen, C. C., Dai, C. L., & Richardson, G. B. (2018). A call for, and beginner’s guide to, measurement invariance testing in evolutionary psychology. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 4(2), 166–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-017-0125-5
doi: 10.1007/s40806-017-0125-5
Wang, Y. A., & Rhemtulla, M. (2021). Power analysis for parameter estimation in structural equation modeling: A discussion and tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920918253
White, D. D., Gallup, A. C., & Gallup, G. G., Jr. (2010). Indirect peer aggression in adolescence and reproductive behavior. Evolutionary Psychology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491000800106
Wilson, M., & Daly, M. (1985). Competitiveness, risk taking, and violence: The young male syndrome. Ethology and Sociobiology, 6(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(85)90041-X
doi: 10.1016/0162-3095(85)90041-X
Zhang, L., Lee, A. J., DeBruine, L. M., & Jones, B. C. (2019). Are sex differences in preferences for physical attractiveness and good earning capacity in potential mates smaller in countries with greater gender equality? Evolutionary Psychology, 17(2), 1–6.
doi: 10.1177/1474704919852921