Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion.
Journal
Nature
ISSN: 1476-4687
Titre abrégé: Nature
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0410462
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2022
01 2022
Historique:
received:
24
05
2021
accepted:
25
11
2021
entrez:
27
1
2022
pubmed:
28
1
2022
medline:
23
4
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Obtaining a burning plasma is a critical step towards self-sustaining fusion energy
Identifiants
pubmed: 35082418
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04281-w
pii: 10.1038/s41586-021-04281-w
pmc: PMC8791836
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
542-548Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Type : ErratumIn
Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
Références
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Final Report of the Committee on a Strategic Plan for U.S. Burning Plasma Research (National Academies Press, 2019).
Hurricane, O. A. et al. Beyond alpha-heating: driving inertially confined fusion implosions toward a burning-plasma state on the National Ignition Facility. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 61, 014033 (2019).
doi: 10.1088/1361-6587/aaed71
Hurricane, O. A. et al. Approaching a burning plasma on the NIF. Phys. Plasmas 26, 052704 (2019).
doi: 10.1063/1.5087256
Zylstra, A. B. et al. Record energetics for an inertial fusion implosion at NIF. Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 025001 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.025001
Robey, H. F., Berzak Hopkins, L., Milovich, J. L. & Meezan, N. B. The I-Raum: a new shaped hohlraum for improved inner beam propagation in indirectly-driven ICF implosions on the National Ignition Facility. Phys. Plasmas 25, 012711 (2018).
doi: 10.1063/1.5010922
Kritcher, A. et al. Design of inertial fusion implosions reaching the burning plasma regime. Nat. Phys. (in the press).
Ross, J. S. et al. Experiments conducted in the burning plasma regime with inertial fusion implosions. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.04640 (2021).
Betti, R. et al. Alpha heating and burning plasmas in inertial confinement fusion. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 255003 (2015).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.255003
Lawson, J. D. Some criteria for a power producing thermonuclear reactor. Proc. Phys. Soc. B 70, 6 (1957).
doi: 10.1088/0370-1301/70/1/303
Nuckolls, J., Wood, L., Thiessen, A. & Zimmerman, G. Laser compression of matter to super-high densities: thermonuclear (CTR) applications. Nature 239, 139–142 (1972).
doi: 10.1038/239139a0
Green, B. & ITER International Team and Participant Teams ITER: burning plasma physics experiment. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 45, 687–706 (2003).
doi: 10.1088/0741-3335/45/5/312
Keilhacker, M. et al. High fusion performance from deuterium–tritium plasmas in JET. Nucl. Fusion 39, 209–234 (1999).
doi: 10.1088/0029-5515/39/2/306
Atzeni, S. & Meyer-ter-Vehn, J. The Physics of Inertial Fusion (Oxford Univ. Press, 2004).
Hurricane, O. et al. Fuel gain exceeding unity in an inertially confined fusion implosion. Nature 506, 343–348 (2014).
doi: 10.1038/nature13008
Hurricane, O. A. et al. Inertially confined fusion plasmas dominated by alpha-particle self-heating. Nat. Phys. 12, 800–806 (2016).
doi: 10.1038/nphys3720
Coppi, B. In Academician A. D. Sakharov. Scientific Works. To His Centenary (eds B. L. Altshuler, et al.) (Fizmatlit, 2021).
Moses, E. I. et al. The National Ignition Facility: transition to a user facility. In 8th Intl Conf. Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA 2013) Vol. 688 012073 (2016).
Lindl, J. Development of the indirect-drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain. Phys. Plasmas 2, 3933–4024 (1995).
doi: 10.1063/1.871025
Le Pape, S. et al. Fusion energy output greater than the kinetic energy of an imploding shell at the National Ignition Facility. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 245003 (2018).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.245003
Casey, D. T. et al. The high velocity, high adiabat, “Bigfoot” campaign and tests of indirect-drive implosion scaling. Phys. Plasmas 25, 056308 (2018).
doi: 10.1063/1.5019741
Baker, K. L. et al. Hotspot parameter scaling with velocity and yield for high-adiabat layered implosions at the National Ignition Facility. Phys. Rev. E 102, 023210 (2020).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.102.023210
Callahan, D. A. et al. Exploring the limits of case-to-capsule ratio, pulse length, and picket energy for symmetric hohlraum drive on the National Ignition Facility Laser. Phys. Plasmas 25, 056305 (2018).
doi: 10.1063/1.5020057
Hopkins, L. B. et al. Toward a burning plasma state using diamond ablator inertially confined fusion (ICF) implosions on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 61, 014023 (2018).
doi: 10.1088/1361-6587/aad97e
Michel, P. et al. Symmetry tuning via controlled crossed-beam energy transfer on the National Ignition Facility. Phys. Plasmas 17, 056305 (2010).
doi: 10.1063/1.3325733
Glenzer, S. H. et al. Symmetric inertial confinement fusion implosions at ultra-high laser energies. Science 327, 1228–1231 (2010).
doi: 10.1126/science.1185634
Patel, P. K. et al. Hotspot conditions achieved in inertial confinement fusion experiments on the National Ignition Facility. Phys. Plasmas 27, 050901 (2020).
doi: 10.1063/5.0003298
Landen, O. L. et al. Capsule implosion optimization during the indirect-drive National Ignition Campaign. Phys. Plasmas 18, 051002 (2011).
doi: 10.1063/1.3592170
Meezan, N. B. et al. X-ray driven implosions at ignition relevant velocities on the National Ignition Facility. Phys. Plasmas 20, 056311 (2013).
doi: 10.1063/1.4803915
Baker, K. L. et al. High-performance indirect-drive cryogenic implosions at high adiabat on the National Ignition Facility. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 135001 (2018).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.135001
Döppner, T. et al. Achieving 280 Gbar hot spot pressure in DT-layered CH capsule implosions at the national ignition facility. Phys. Plasmas 27, 042701 (2020).
doi: 10.1063/1.5135921
Hohenberger, M. et al. Integrated performance of large HDC-capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility. Phys. Plasmas 27, 112704 (2020).
doi: 10.1063/5.0019083
Bosch, H.-S. & Hale, G. Improved formulas for fusion cross-sections and thermal reactivities. Nucl. Fusion 32, 611–631 (1992).
doi: 10.1088/0029-5515/32/4/I07
Marinak, M. M. et al. Three-dimensional HYDRA simulations of National Ignition Facility targets. Phys. Plasmas 8, 2275–2280 (2001).
doi: 10.1063/1.1356740
Hurricane, O. A. et al. An analytic asymmetric-piston model for the impact of mode-1 shell asymmetry on ICF implosions. Phys. Plasmas 27, 062704 (2020).
doi: 10.1063/5.0001335
Pak, A. et al. Impact of localized radiative loss on inertial confinement fusion implosions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 145001 (2020).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.145001
Zylstra, A. B. & Hurricane, O. A. On alpha-particle transport in inertial fusion. Phys. Plasmas 26, 062701 (2019).
doi: 10.1063/1.5101074
Christopherson, A. R., Betti, R. & Lindl, J. D. Thermonuclear ignition and the onset of propagating burn in inertial fusion implosions. Phys. Rev. E 99, 021201 (2019).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.99.021201
Spears, B. K. et al. Performance metrics for inertial confinement fusion implosions: Aspects of the technical framework for measuring progress in the National Ignition Campaign. Phys. Plasmas 19, 056316 (2012).
doi: 10.1063/1.3696743
LLNL. National Ignition Facility experiment puts researchers at threshold of fusion ignition. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory – News https://www.llnl.gov/news/national-ignition-facility-experiment-puts-researchers-threshold-fusion-ignition (18 August 2021).
Rinderknecht, H. G. et al. Azimuthal drive asymmetry in inertial confinement fusion implosions on the National Ignition Facility. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 145002 (2020).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.145002
Tommasini, R. et al. Time-resolved fuel density profiles of the stagnation phase of indirect-drive inertial confinement implosions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 155003 (2020).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.155003
Casey, D. T. et al. Evidence of three-dimensional asymmetries seeded by high-density carbon-ablator nonuniformity in experiments at the National Ignition Facility. Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 025002 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.025002
Amendt, P. et al. Ultra-high (>30%) coupling efficiency designs for demonstrating central hot-spot ignition on the National Ignition Facility using a Frustraum. Phys. Plasmas 26, 082707 (2019).
doi: 10.1063/1.5099934
Landen, O. L. et al. Yield and compression trends and reproducibility at NIF. High Energy Density Phys. 36, 100755 (2020).
doi: 10.1016/j.hedp.2020.100755
Cerjan, C., Springer, P. T. & Sepke, S. M. Integrated diagnostic analysis of inertial confinement fusion capsule performance. Phys. Plasmas 20, 056319 (2013).
doi: 10.1063/1.4802196
Hurricane, O. A. et al. On the importance of minimizing “coast-time” in X-ray driven inertially confined fusion implosions. Phys. Plasmas 24, 092706 (2017).
doi: 10.1063/1.4994856
Albright, B. et al. Comment on the burning plasma condition of Hurricane et. al [Phys. Plasmas 26, 052704, 2019] and implications for the experimental achievement of a burning plasma state on the NIF. Report No. LA-UR-21-25149 (Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2021).
de Souza, R. S., Boston, S. R., Coc, A. & Iliadis, C. Thermonuclear fusion rates for tritium + deuterium using Bayesian methods. Phys. Rev. C 99, 014619 (2019).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.99.014619
Abadi, M. et al. Tensorflow: a system for large-scale machine learning. In Proc. 12th USENIX Symp. Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI’16) (eds Keeton, K. & Roscoe, T.) 265–283 (USENIX Association, 2016).