Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Adult Aged Antibodies, Viral / analysis Antigens, CD20 / immunology COVID-19 / complications Female Humans Immunity, Cellular Immunity, Humoral Immunoglobulin G / analysis Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis Male Middle Aged Multiple Sclerosis / complications Nucleocapsid / chemistry Retrospective Studies

Journal

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation
ISSN: 2332-7812
Titre abrégé: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101636388

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
03 2022
Historique:
received: 20 08 2021
accepted: 21 12 2021
entrez: 2 2 2022
pubmed: 3 2 2022
medline: 11 2 2022
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Information about humoral and cellular responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and antibody persistence in convalescent (COVID-19) patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate factors influencing humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its persistence in convalescent COVID-19 PwMS. This is a retrospective study of confirmed COVID-19 convalescent PwMS identified between February 2020 and May 2021 by SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We examined relationships between demographics, MS characteristics, disease-modifying therapy (DMT), and humoral (immunoglobulin G against spike and nucleocapsid proteins) and cellular (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]) responses to SARS-CoV-2. A total of 121 (83.45%) of 145 PwMS were seropositive, and 25/42 (59.5%) presented a cellular response up to 13.1 months after COVID-19. Anti-CD20-treated patients had lower antibody titers than those under other DMTs ( Humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 are present in COVID-19 convalescent PwMS up to 13.10 months after COVID-19. The humoral response decreases under anti-CD20 treatment, although the cellular response can be detected in anti-CD20-treated patients, even in the absence of antibodies.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Information about humoral and cellular responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and antibody persistence in convalescent (COVID-19) patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate factors influencing humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its persistence in convalescent COVID-19 PwMS.
METHODS
This is a retrospective study of confirmed COVID-19 convalescent PwMS identified between February 2020 and May 2021 by SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We examined relationships between demographics, MS characteristics, disease-modifying therapy (DMT), and humoral (immunoglobulin G against spike and nucleocapsid proteins) and cellular (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]) responses to SARS-CoV-2.
RESULTS
A total of 121 (83.45%) of 145 PwMS were seropositive, and 25/42 (59.5%) presented a cellular response up to 13.1 months after COVID-19. Anti-CD20-treated patients had lower antibody titers than those under other DMTs (
DISCUSSION
Humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 are present in COVID-19 convalescent PwMS up to 13.10 months after COVID-19. The humoral response decreases under anti-CD20 treatment, although the cellular response can be detected in anti-CD20-treated patients, even in the absence of antibodies.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000001143 PMID: 35105687 PMC: PMC8808353
pubmed: 35105687
pii: 9/2/e1143
doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000001143
pmc: PMC8808353
pii:
doi:

Substances chimiques

Antibodies, Viral 0
Antigens, CD20 0
Immunoglobulin G 0
Interferon-gamma 82115-62-6

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

Ana Zabalza (A)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. azabalza@cem-cat.org.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3860-5251

Georgina Arrambide (G)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2657-5510

Paula Tagliani (P)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4048-7314

Simón Cárdenas-Robledo (S)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7612-3985

Susana Otero-Romero (S)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1451-6927

Juliana Esperalba (J)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1326-1341

Candela Fernandez-Naval (C)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5584-3537

Jesus Trocoli Campuzano (J)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.

Mónica Martínez Gallo (M)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7340-2161

Mireia Castillo (M)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8979-3219

Mercè Bonastre (M)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.

Mireia Resina Sallés (M)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9080-0399

Jordina Beltran (J)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.

Pere Carbonell-Mirabent (P)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.

Marta Rodríguez-Barranco (M)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5454-3041

Samuel López-Maza (S)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.

Pedro José Melgarejo Otálora (PJ)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.

Mariano Ruiz-Ortiz (M)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9993-1865

Agustin Pappolla (A)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6364-9497

Breogán Rodríguez Acevedo (B)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0314-753X

Luciana Midaglia (L)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7981-2228

Angela Vidal-Jordana (A)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7270-5507

Alvaro Cobo-Calvo (A)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2574-0721

Carmen Tur (C)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1849-3184

Ingrid Galán (I)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5774-4260

Joaquín Castilló (J)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8951-6315

Jordi Río (J)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4546-7627

Carmen Espejo (C)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9949-5901

Manuel Comabella (M)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2373-6657

Carlos Nos (C)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3830-4910

Jaume Sastre-Garriga (J)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1589-2254

Mar Tintore (M)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9999-5359

Xavier Montalban (X)

From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.Z., G.A., P.T., S.C.-R., S.O.-R., M. Castillo, M.B., M.R.S., J.B., P.C.-M., M.R.-B., S.L.-M., A.P., B.R.A., L.M., A.V.-J., A.C.-C., C.T., I.G., J.C., J.R., C.E., M. Comabella, C.N., J.S.-G., M.T., X.M.), and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department (S.O.-R.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Microbiology Department (J.E., C.F.-N., J.T.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Immunology Division (M.M.G.), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona; Department of Neurology (P.J.M.O.), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid; and Department of Neurology (M.R.-O.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0098-9918

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Sujet âgé › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Acides aminés, peptides et protéines › Protéines › Globulines › Sérum-globulines › Immunoglobulines › Anticorps › Anticorps antiviraux › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Facteurs biologiques › Marqueurs biologiques › Antigènes de différenciation › Antigènes de différenciation des lymphocytes B › Antigènes CD20 › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies de l'appareil respiratoire › Infections de l'appareil respiratoire › Pneumopathie infectieuse › Pneumopathie virale › COVID-19 › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes du système immunitaire › Immunité › Immunité acquise › Immunité cellulaire › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes du système immunitaire › Immunité › Immunité acquise › Immunité humorale › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Acides aminés, peptides et protéines › Protéines › Globulines › Sérum-globulines › Immunoglobulines › Anticorps › Isotypes des immunoglobulines › Immunoglobuline G › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Facteurs biologiques › Protéines et peptides de signalisation intercellulaire › Cytokines › Lymphokines › Facteurs d'activation des macrophages › Interféron gamma › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Adulte d'âge moyen › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies du système immunitaire › Maladies auto-immunes › Maladies auto-immunes du système nerveux › Maladies démyélinisantes auto-immunes du SNC › Sclérose en plaques › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Structures virales › Virion › Nucléocapside › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Caractéristiques des études épidémiologiques › Études épidémiologiques › Études de cohortes › Études rétrospectives › Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2...