Aggressive variants of prostate cancer: underlying mechanisms of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation.
Aggressive variant prostate cancer
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation
Small cell prostate cancer
Journal
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR
ISSN: 1756-9966
Titre abrégé: J Exp Clin Cancer Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8308647
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 Feb 2022
02 Feb 2022
Historique:
received:
29
11
2021
accepted:
13
01
2022
entrez:
3
2
2022
pubmed:
4
2
2022
medline:
24
3
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Prostate cancer is a hormone-driven disease and its tumor cell growth highly relies on increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Therefore, targeted therapy directed against androgen synthesis or AR activation is broadly used and continually improved. However, a subset of patients eventually progresses to castration-resistant disease. To date, various mechanisms of resistance have been identified including the development of AR-independent aggressive variant prostate cancer based on neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NED). Here, we review the highly complex processes contributing to NED. Genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional aberrations and posttranscriptional modifications are highlighted and the potential interplay of the different factors is discussed. Background Aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) with traits of neuroendocrine differentiation emerges in a rising number of patients in recent years. Among others, advanced therapies targeting the androgen receptor axis have been considered causative for this development. Cell growth of AVPC often occurs completely independent of the androgen receptor signal transduction pathway and cells have mostly lost the typical cellular features of prostate adenocarcinoma. This complicates both diagnosis and treatment of this very aggressive disease. We believe that a deeper understanding of the complex molecular pathological mechanisms contributing to transdifferentiation will help to improve diagnostic procedures and develop effective treatment strategies. Indeed, in recent years, many scientists have made important contributions to unravel possible causes and mechanisms in the context of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. However, the complexity of the diverse molecular pathways has not been captured completely, yet. This narrative review comprehensively highlights the individual steps of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation and makes an important contribution in bringing together the results found so far.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35109899
doi: 10.1186/s13046-022-02255-y
pii: 10.1186/s13046-022-02255-y
pmc: PMC8808994
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
46Subventions
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : PA 341/25-1
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : WE 5844/5-1
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : SPP 2084: μBONE
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : PE1179/15-1 SPP µbone
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : SA 3254/1-2 SPP µbone
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : Ki 672/6-1
Organisme : Deutsche Krebshilfe
ID : 70113304
Organisme : Hansestadt Hamburg
ID : LFF-GK10
Organisme : Rudolf Becker Foundation
ID : T0321/36080/20207kg
Organisme : Rudolf Becker Foundation
ID : T0321/36080/20207kg
Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
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