Search for magnetic monopoles produced via the Schwinger mechanism.


Journal

Nature
ISSN: 1476-4687
Titre abrégé: Nature
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0410462

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
02 2022
Historique:
received: 18 06 2021
accepted: 01 12 2021
entrez: 3 2 2022
pubmed: 4 2 2022
medline: 4 2 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Electrically charged particles can be created by the decay of strong enough electric fields, a phenomenon known as the Schwinger mechanism

Identifiants

pubmed: 35110756
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04298-1
pii: 10.1038/s41586-021-04298-1
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

63-67

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

Références

Schwinger, J. On gauge invariance and vacuum polarization. Phys. Rev. 82, 664–679 (1951).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.82.664
Affleck, I. K. & Manton, N. S. Monopole pair production in a magnetic field. Nucl. Phys. B 194, 38–64 (1982).
doi: 10.1016/0550-3213(82)90511-9
Dirac, P. A. M. Quantised singularities in the electromagnetic field. Proc. R. Soc. London A 133, 60–72 (1931).
doi: 10.1098/rspa.1931.0130
’t Hooft, G. Magnetic monopoles in unified gauge theories. Nucl. Phys. B 79, 276–284 (1974).
doi: 10.1016/0550-3213(74)90486-6
Polyakov, A. M. Particle spectrum in quantum field theory. JETP Lett. 20, 194–195 (1974).
Wen, X.-G. & Witten, E. Electric and magnetic charges in superstring models. Nucl. Phys. B 261, 651–677 (1985).
doi: 10.1016/0550-3213(85)90592-9
Mavromatos, N. E. & Mitsou, V. A. Magnetic monopoles revisited: models and searches at colliders and in the cosmos. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 35, 2030012 (2020).
doi: 10.1142/S0217751X20300124
Ho, D. L.-J. & Rajantie, A. Classical production of ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles from magnetic fields. Phys. Rev. D 101, 055003 (2020).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.055003
Ho, D. L.-J. & Rajantie, A. Instanton solution for Schwinger production of ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles. Phys. Rev. D 103, 115033 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.103.115033
Gould, O., Ho, D. L.-J. & Rajantie, A. Towards Schwinger production of magnetic monopoles in heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. D 100, 015041 (2019).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.015041
Huang, X.-G. Electromagnetic fields and anomalous transports in heavy-ion collisions—a pedagogical review. Rep. Prog. Phys. 79, 076302 (2016).
pubmed: 27275776 doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/076302
MoEDAL Collaboration. Magnetic monopole search with the full MoEDAL trapping detector in 13 TeV pp collisions interpreted in photon-fusion and Drell–Yan production. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 021802 (2019).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.021802
Guth, A. H. Inflationary universe: a possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems. Phys. Rev. D 23, 347–356 (1981).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.23.347
Witten, E. Baryons in the 1/N expansion. Nucl. Phys. B 160, 57–115 (1979).
doi: 10.1016/0550-3213(79)90232-3
Drukier, A. K. & Nussinov, S. Monopole pair creation in energetic collisions: is it possible? Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 102–105 (1982).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.102
Blagojević, M. & Senjanović, P. The quantum field theory of electric and magnetic charge. Phys. Rep. 157, 233–346 (1988).
doi: 10.1016/0370-1573(88)90098-1
Cho, Y. & Maison, D. Monopole configuration in Weinberg–Salam model. Phys. Lett. B 391, 360–365 (1997).
doi: 10.1016/S0370-2693(96)01492-X
Kimm, K., Yoon, J. H. & Cho, Y. M. Finite energy electroweak dyon. Eur. Phys. J. C 75, 67 (2015).
doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3290-3
Ellis, J., Mavromatos, N. E. & You, T. The price of an electroweak monopole. Phys. Lett. B 756, 29–35 (2016).
doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2016.02.048
Mavromatos, N. E. & Sarkar, S. Magnetic monopoles from global monopoles in the presence of a Kalb–Ramond field. Phys. Rev. D 95, 104025 (2017).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.95.104025
Arunasalam, S. & Kobakhidze, A. Electroweak monopoles and the electroweak phase transition. Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 444 (2017).
doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4999-y
Mavromatos, N. E. & Sarkar, S. Regularized Kalb–Ramond magnetic monopole with finite energy. Phys. Rev. D 97, 125010 (2018).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.97.125010
Hung, P. Q. Topologically stable, finite-energy electroweak-scale monopoles. Nucl. Phys. B 962, 115278 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2020.115278
Sauter, F. Über das Verhalten eines Elektrons im homogenen elektrischen Feld nach der relativistischen Theorie Diracs. Z. Phys. 69, 742–764 (1931).
doi: 10.1007/BF01339461
Heisenberg, W. & Euler, H. Consequences of Dirac’s theory of positrons. Z. Phys. 98, 714–732 (1936).
doi: 10.1007/BF01343663
Kaspi, V. M. & Beloborodov, A. M. Magnetars. Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 55, 261–301 (2017).
doi: 10.1146/annurev-astro-081915-023329
Gould, O., Ho, D. L.-J. & Rajantie, A. Schwinger pair production of magnetic monopoles: momentum distribution for heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. D 104, 015033 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.104.015033
MoEDAL Collaboration. First search for dyons with the full MoEDAL trapping detector in 13 TeV pp collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 071801 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.071801
Milton, K. A. Theoretical and experimental status of magnetic monopoles. Rep. Prog. Phys. 69, 1637–1711 (2006).
doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/69/6/R02
The MoEDAL Collaboration. The physics programme of the MoEDAL experiment at the LHC. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 29, 1430050 (2014).
doi: 10.1142/S0217751X14300506
Gamberg, L., Kalbfleisch, G. R. & Milton, K. A. Direct and indirect searches for low-mass magnetic monopoles. Found. Phys. 30, 543–565 (2000).
doi: 10.1023/A:1003668812097
Agostinelli, S. et al. Geant4—a simulation toolkit. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 506, 250–303 (2003).
doi: 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8
The MoEDAL Collaboration. Search for magnetic monopoles with the MoEDAL prototype trapping detector in 8 TeV proton–proton collisions at the LHC. J. High Energy Phys. 2016, 67 (2016).
doi: 10.1007/JHEP08(2016)067
He, Y. D. Search for a Dirac magnetic monopole in high energy nucleus–nucleus collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 3134–3137 (1997).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3134
Gould, O. & Rajantie, A. Magnetic monopole mass bounds from heavy-ion collisions and neutron stars. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 241601 (2017).
pubmed: 29286728 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.241601
ATLAS Collaboration. Search for magnetic monopoles in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 261803 (2012).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.261803
ATLAS Collaboration. Search for magnetic monopoles and stable particles with high electric charges in 8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector. Phys. Rev. D 93, 052009 (2016).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.052009
ATLAS Collaboration. Search for magnetic monopoles and stable high-electric-charge objects in 13 TeV proton–proton collisions with the ATLAS Detector. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 031802 (2020).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.031802
Kobayashi, T. Monopole–antimonopole pair production in primordial magnetic fields. Phys. Rev. D 104, 043501 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.104.043501
Clemencic, M. et al. The LHCb simulation application, Gauss: design, evolution and experience. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 331, 032023 (2011).
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/331/3/032023
King, M. Simulation of the MoEDAL experiment. Nucl. Part. Phys. Proc. 273–275, 2560–2562 (2016).
doi: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2015.09.459
Kharzeev, D. E., McLerran, L. D. & Warringa, H. J. The effects of topological charge change in heavy ion collisions: “event by event P and CP violation”. Nucl. Phys. A 803, 227–253 (2008).
doi: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.02.298
Gursoy, U., Kharzeev, D. & Rajagopal, K. Magnetohydrodynamics, charged currents and directed flow in heavy ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 89, 054905 (2014).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.89.054905
ALICE Collaboration. Centrality determination of Pb–Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] = 2.76 TeV with ALICE. Phys. Rev. C 88, 044909 (2013).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.88.044909
ALICE Collaboration. Centrality dependence of particle production in p–Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] = 5.02 TeV. Phys. Rev. C 91, 064905 (2015).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.91.064905
Deng, W.-T. & Huang, X.-G. Event-by-event generation of electromagnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 85, 044907 (2012).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.85.044907
Baltz, A. J. The physics of ultraperipheral collisions at the LHC. Phys. Rep. 458, 1–171 (2008).
doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2007.12.001
Kruglov, S. I. Pair production and vacuum polarization of vector particles with electric dipole moments and anomalous magnetic moments. Eur. Phys. J. C 22, 89–98 (2001).
doi: 10.1007/s100520100776
Gould, O. & Rajantie, A. Thermal Schwinger pair production at arbitrary coupling. Phys. Rev. D 96, 076002 (2017).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.96.076002
Wolschin, G. Aspects of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Universe 6, 61 (2020).
doi: 10.3390/universe6050061
Tuchin, K. Time and space dependence of the electromagnetic field in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 88, 024911 (2013).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.88.024911
Inghirami, G. et al. Magnetic fields in heavy ion collisions: flow and charge transport. Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 293 (2020).
doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7847-4
Cecchini, S., Patrizii, L., Sahnoun, Z., Sirri, G. & Togo, V. Energy losses of magnetic monopoles in aluminum, iron and copper. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01220 (2016).
Alvarez, L. W. et al. A magnetic monopole detector utilizing superconducting elements. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 42, 326–330 (1971).
doi: 10.1063/1.1685086
De Roeck, A. et al. Development of a magnetometer-based search strategy for stopped monopoles at the large hadron collider. Eur. Phys. J. C 72, 2212 (2012).
doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-2212-x
Malkus, W. V. R. The interaction of the Dirac magnetic monopole with matter. Phys. Rev. 83, 899–905 (1951).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.83.899
Bracci, L. & Fiorentini, G. Binding of magnetic monopoles and atomic nuclei. Phys Lett. B 124, 493–496 (1983).
doi: 10.1016/0370-2693(83)91559-9
Bracci, L. & Fiorentini, G. Interactions of magnetic monopoles with nuclei and atoms: formation of bound states and phenomenological consequences. Nucl. Phys. B 232, 236–262 (1984).
doi: 10.1016/0550-3213(84)90566-2
Bracci, L. & Fiorentini, G. On the capture of protons by magnetic monopoles. Nucl. Phys. B 249, 519–532 (1985).
doi: 10.1016/0550-3213(85)90090-2
Olaussen, K. & Sollie, R. Form factor effects on nucleus–magnetic monopole binding. Nucl. Phys. B 255, 465–479 (1985).
doi: 10.1016/0550-3213(85)90147-6
Olaussen, K., Olsen, H. A., Osland, P. & Øverbø, I. Proton capture by magnetic monopoles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 325–328 (1984).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.52.325
Goebel, C. Binding of monopole to nuclei. In Monopole ’83 (ed. Stone, J. L.) 333–337 (Plenum, 1984).
Ruijgrok, Th. W., Tjon, J. A. & Wu, T. T. Monopole chemistry. Phys. Lett. B 129, 209–212 (1983).
doi: 10.1016/0370-2693(83)90845-6
Ruijgrok, T. Binding of matter to a magnetic monopole. Acta Phys. Pol. B 15, 305–314 (1983).
Lipkin, H. J. Effects of magnetic monopoles on nuclear wave functions and possible catalysis of nuclear beta decay and spontaneous fission. Phys. Lett. B 133, 347–350 (1983).
doi: 10.1016/0370-2693(83)90161-2
Lipkin, H. J. Monoponucleosis — the wonderful things that monopoles can do to nuclei if they are there. In Monopole ’83 (ed. Stone, J. L.) 347–358 (Plenum, 1984).

Auteurs

B Acharya (B)

Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK.

J Alexandre (J)

Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK.

P Benes (P)

IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

B Bergmann (B)

IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

S Bertolucci (S)

INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

A Bevan (A)

School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

H Branzas (H)

Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania.

P Burian (P)

IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

M Campbell (M)

Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.

Y M Cho (YM)

Center for Quantum Spacetime, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.

M de Montigny (M)

Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

A De Roeck (A)

Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.

J R Ellis (JR)

Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK.
Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.

M El Sawy (ME)

Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.

M Fairbairn (M)

Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK.

D Felea (D)

Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania.

M Frank (M)

Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

O Gould (O)

University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

J Hays (J)

School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

A M Hirt (AM)

Department of Earth Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.

D L-J Ho (DL)

Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK.

P Q Hung (PQ)

Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

J Janecek (J)

IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

M Kalliokoski (M)

Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

A Korzenev (A)

Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.

D H Lacarrère (DH)

Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.

C Leroy (C)

Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

G Levi (G)

INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

A Lionti (A)

Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.

A Maulik (A)

INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

A Margiotta (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

N Mauri (N)

INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

N E Mavromatos (NE)

Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK.

P Mermod (P)

Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.

L Millward (L)

School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

V A Mitsou (VA)

IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.

I Ostrovskiy (I)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA. iostrovskiy@ua.edu.

P-P Ouimet (PP)

Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

J Papavassiliou (J)

IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.

B Parker (B)

Institute for Research in Schools, Canterbury, UK.

L Patrizii (L)

INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

G E Păvălaş (GE)

Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania.

J L Pinfold (JL)

Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

L A Popa (LA)

Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania.

V Popa (V)

Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania.

M Pozzato (M)

INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

S Pospisil (S)

IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

A Rajantie (A)

Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK.

R Ruiz de Austri (RR)

IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.

Z Sahnoun (Z)

INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

M Sakellariadou (M)

Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK.

A Santra (A)

IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.

S Sarkar (S)

Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK.

G Semenoff (G)

Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

A Shaa (A)

Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

G Sirri (G)

INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

K Sliwa (K)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.

R Soluk (R)

Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

M Spurio (M)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

M Staelens (M)

Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

M Suk (M)

IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

M Tenti (M)

CNAF, INFN, Bologna, Italy.

V Togo (V)

INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

J A Tuszyn'ski (JA)

Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

A Upreti (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.

V Vento (V)

IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.

O Vives (O)

IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.

Classifications MeSH