Adjuvant capecitabine-containing chemotherapy benefit and homologous recombination deficiency in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer patients.


Journal

British journal of cancer
ISSN: 1532-1827
Titre abrégé: Br J Cancer
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0370635

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
06 2022
Historique:
received: 14 07 2021
accepted: 17 01 2022
revised: 16 12 2021
pubmed: 7 2 2022
medline: 14 5 2022
entrez: 6 2 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

The addition of adjuvant capecitabine to standard chemotherapy of early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients has improved survival in a few randomised trials and in meta-analyses. However, many patients did not benefit. We evaluated the BRCA1-like DNA copy number signature, indicative of homologous recombination deficiency, as a predictive biomarker for capecitabine benefit in the TNBC subgroup of the FinXX trial. Early-stage TNBC patients were randomised between adjuvant capecitabine-containing (TX + CEX: capecitabine-docetaxel, followed by cyclophosphamide-epirubicin-capecitabine) and conventional chemotherapy (T + CEF: docetaxel, followed by cyclophosphamide-epirubicin-fluorouracil). Tumour BRCA1-like status was determined on low-coverage, whole genome next-generation sequencing data using an established DNA comparative genomic hybridisation algorithm. For 129/202 (63.9%) patients the BRCA1-like status could be determined, mostly due to lack of tissue. During a median follow-up of 10.7 years, 35 recurrences and 32 deaths occurred. Addition of capecitabine appears to improve recurrence-free survival more among 61 (47.3%) patients with non-BRCA1-like tumours (HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08-0.70) compared to 68 (52.7%) patients with BRCA1-like tumours (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.24-1.81) (P-interaction = 0.17). Based on our data, patients with non-BRCA1-like TNBC appear to benefit from the addition of capecitabine to adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with BRCA1-like TNBC may also benefit. Additional research is needed to define the subgroup within BRCA1-like TNBC patients who may not benefit from adjuvant capecitabine.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
The addition of adjuvant capecitabine to standard chemotherapy of early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients has improved survival in a few randomised trials and in meta-analyses. However, many patients did not benefit. We evaluated the BRCA1-like DNA copy number signature, indicative of homologous recombination deficiency, as a predictive biomarker for capecitabine benefit in the TNBC subgroup of the FinXX trial.
METHODS
Early-stage TNBC patients were randomised between adjuvant capecitabine-containing (TX + CEX: capecitabine-docetaxel, followed by cyclophosphamide-epirubicin-capecitabine) and conventional chemotherapy (T + CEF: docetaxel, followed by cyclophosphamide-epirubicin-fluorouracil). Tumour BRCA1-like status was determined on low-coverage, whole genome next-generation sequencing data using an established DNA comparative genomic hybridisation algorithm.
RESULTS
For 129/202 (63.9%) patients the BRCA1-like status could be determined, mostly due to lack of tissue. During a median follow-up of 10.7 years, 35 recurrences and 32 deaths occurred. Addition of capecitabine appears to improve recurrence-free survival more among 61 (47.3%) patients with non-BRCA1-like tumours (HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08-0.70) compared to 68 (52.7%) patients with BRCA1-like tumours (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.24-1.81) (P-interaction = 0.17).
CONCLUSION
Based on our data, patients with non-BRCA1-like TNBC appear to benefit from the addition of capecitabine to adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with BRCA1-like TNBC may also benefit. Additional research is needed to define the subgroup within BRCA1-like TNBC patients who may not benefit from adjuvant capecitabine.

Identifiants

pubmed: 35124703
doi: 10.1038/s41416-022-01711-y
pii: 10.1038/s41416-022-01711-y
pmc: PMC9090783
doi:

Substances chimiques

Docetaxel 15H5577CQD
Epirubicin 3Z8479ZZ5X
Capecitabine 6804DJ8Z9U
Cyclophosphamide 8N3DW7272P

Types de publication

Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1401-1409

Informations de copyright

© 2022. The Author(s).

Références

Dent R, Trudeau M, Pritchard KI, Hanna WM, Kahn HK, Sawka CA, et al. Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:4429–34.
pubmed: 17671126 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-3045
Hudis CA, Gianni L. Triple-negative breast cancer: an unmet medical need. Oncologist. 2011;16:1–11.
pubmed: 21278435 doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-S1-01
Schmid P, Cortes J, Pusztai L, McArthur H, Kümmel S, Bergh J, et al. Pembrolizumab for early triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:810–21.
pubmed: 32101663 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910549
Nanda R, Liu MC, Yau C, Shatsky R, Pusztai L, Wallace A, et al. Effect of pembrolizumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy on pathologic complete response in women with early-stage breast cancer: an analysis of the ongoing phase 2 adaptively randomized I-SPY2 trial. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6:676–84.
pubmed: 32053137 doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6650
Masuda N, Lee SJ, Ohtani S, Im YH, Lee ES, Yokota I, et al. Adjuvant capecitabine for breast cancer after preoperative chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:2147–59.
pubmed: 28564564 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1612645
van Mackelenbergh M, Seither F, Möbus V, O’Shaugnessy J, Martin M, Joensuu H, et al. Abstract GS1-07: Effects of capecitabine as part of neo-/adjuvant chemotherapy. A meta-analysis of individual patient data from 12 randomized trials including 15,457 patients. Cancer Res. 2020;80:GS1-07–GS1-.
doi: 10.1158/1538-7445.SABCS19-GS1-07
Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Huovinen R, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Tanner M, Kokko R, et al. Adjuvant capecitabine, docetaxel, cyclophosphamide, and epirubicin for early breast cancer: final analysis of the randomized FinXX trial. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:11–8.
pubmed: 22105826 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.35.4639
Burstein HJ, Curigliano G, Loibl S, Dubsky P, Gnant M, Poortmans P, et al. Estimating the benefits of therapy for early-stage breast cancer: the St. Gallen International Consensus Guidelines for the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2019. Ann Oncol. 2019;30:1541–57.
pubmed: 31373601 doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz235
Denduluri N, Chavez-MacGregor M, Telli ML, Eisen A, Graff SL, Hassett MJ, et al. Selection of optimal adjuvant chemotherapy and targeted therapy for early breast cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Focused Update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2433–43.
pubmed: 29787356 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.78.8604
Cardoso F, Kyriakides S, Ohno S, Penault-Llorca F, Poortmans P, Rubio IT, et al. Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†. Ann Oncol. 2019;30:1194–220.
pubmed: 31161190 doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz173
Longley DB, Harkin DP, Johnston PG. 5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3:330–8.
pubmed: 12724731 doi: 10.1038/nrc1074
Asleh K, Brauer HA, Sullivan A, Lauttia S, Lindman H, Nielsen TO, et al. Predictive biomarkers for adjuvant capecitabine benefit in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer in the FinXX clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2020;26:2603–14.
pubmed: 32005747 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-1945
Tutt ANJ, Garber JE, Kaufman B, Viale G, Fumagalli D, Rastogi P, et al. Adjuvant olaparib for patients with BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:2394–405.
Lord CJ, Ashworth A. BRCAness revisited. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016;16:110–20.
pubmed: 26775620 doi: 10.1038/nrc.2015.21
Vollebergh MA, Lips EH, Nederlof PM, Wessels LF, Schmidt MK, van Beers EH, et al. An aCGH classifier derived from BRCA1-mutated breast cancer and benefit of high-dose platinum-based chemotherapy in HER2-negative breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2011;22:1561–70.
pubmed: 21135055 doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdq624
Severson TM, Wolf DM, Yau C, Peeters J, Wehkam D, Schouten PC, et al. The BRCA1ness signature is associated significantly with response to PARP inhibitor treatment versus control in the I-SPY 2 randomized neoadjuvant setting. Breast Cancer Res. 2017;19:99.
pubmed: 28851423 pmcid: 5574249 doi: 10.1186/s13058-017-0861-2
den Brok WD, Schrader KA, Sun S, Tinker AV, Zhao EY, Aparicio S, et al. Homologous recombination deficiency in breast cancer: a clinical review. JCO Precis Oncol. 2017;1:1–13.
Pellegrino B, Mateo J, Serra V, Balmaña J. Controversies in oncology: are genomic tests quantifying homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) useful for treatment decision making? ESMO Open. 2019;4:e000480.
pubmed: 31231558 pmcid: 6555601 doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-000480
Couch FJ, Hart SN, Sharma P, Toland AE, Wang X, Miron P, et al. Inherited mutations in 17 breast cancer susceptibility genes among a large triple-negative breast cancer cohort unselected for family history of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:304–11.
pubmed: 25452441 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.57.1414
Robertson L, Hanson H, Seal S, Warren-Perry M, Hughes D, Howell I, et al. BRCA1 testing should be offered to individuals with triple-negative breast cancer diagnosed below 50 years. Br J Cancer. 2012;106:1234–8.
pubmed: 22333603 pmcid: 3304410 doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.31
Hartman A-R, Kaldate RR, Sailer LM, Painter L, Grier CE, Endsley RR, et al. Prevalence of BRCA mutations in an unselected population of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer. 2012;118:2787–95.
pubmed: 22614657 doi: 10.1002/cncr.26576
Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Timms KM, Liu S, Chen H, Litton JK, Potter J, et al. Incidence and outcome of BRCA mutations in unselected patients with triple receptor-negative breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:1082–9.
pubmed: 21233401 pmcid: 3048924 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2560
Rummel S, Varner E, Shriver CD, Ellsworth RE. Evaluation of BRCA1 mutations in an unselected patient population with triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;137:119–25.
pubmed: 23192404 doi: 10.1007/s10549-012-2348-2
Turner N, Tutt A, Ashworth A. Hallmarks of ‘BRCAness’ in sporadic cancers. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4:814–9.
pubmed: 15510162 doi: 10.1038/nrc1457
Tung NM, Garber JE. BRCA1/2 testing: therapeutic implications for breast cancer management. Br J Cancer. 2018;119:141–52.
pubmed: 29867226 pmcid: 6048046 doi: 10.1038/s41416-018-0127-5
Joosse SA, van Beers EH, Tielen IH, Horlings H, Peterse JL, Hoogerbrugge N, et al. Prediction of BRCA1-association in hereditary non-BRCA1/2 breast carcinomas with array-CGH. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;116:479–89.
pubmed: 18704682 doi: 10.1007/s10549-008-0117-z
Joosse SA, Brandwijk KIM, Devilee P, Wesseling J, Hogervorst FBL, Verhoef S, et al. Prediction of BRCA2-association in hereditary breast carcinomas using array-CGH. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;132:379–89.
pubmed: 20614180 doi: 10.1007/s10549-010-1016-7
Vollebergh MA, Lips EH, Nederlof PM, Wessels LF, Wesseling J, Vd Vijver MJ, et al. Genomic patterns resembling BRCA1- and BRCA2-mutated breast cancers predict benefit of intensified carboplatin-based chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res. 2014;16:R47.
pubmed: 24887359 pmcid: 4076636 doi: 10.1186/bcr3655
Schouten PC, Marme F, Aulmann S, Sinn HP, van Essen HF, Ylstra B, et al. Breast cancers with a BRCA1-like DNA copy number profile recur less often than expected after high-dose alkylating chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21:763–70.
pubmed: 25480832 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-1894
Schouten PC, Gluz O, Harbeck N, Mohrmann S, Diallo-Danebrock R, Pelz E, et al. BRCA1-like profile predicts benefit of tandem high dose epirubicin-cyclophospamide-thiotepa in high risk breast cancer patients randomized in the WSG-AM01 trial. Int J Cancer. 2016;139:882–9.
pubmed: 26946057 doi: 10.1002/ijc.30078
Lluch A, Barrios CH, Torrecillas L, Ruiz-Borrego M, Bines J, Segalla J, et al. Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Capecitabine After Standard Neo-/Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (GEICAM/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01). J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:203–13.
pubmed: 31804894 doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.00904
O’Shaughnessy J, Miles D, Vukelja S, Moiseyenko V, Ayoub JP, Cervantes G, et al. Superior survival with capecitabine plus docetaxel combination therapy in anthracycline-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer: phase III trial results. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:2812–23.
pubmed: 12065558 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2002.09.002
Filho OM, Stover DG, Asad S, Ansell PJ, Watson M, Loibl S, et al. Association of immunophenotype with pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: a secondary analysis of the BrighTNess phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2021;7:603–8.
pubmed: 33599688 doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.7310
Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Huovinen R, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Tanner M, Kokko R, et al. Adjuvant capecitabine in combination with docetaxel, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide for early breast cancer: the randomized clinical FinXX trial. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:793–800.
pubmed: 28253390 pmcid: 5824321 doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.6120
Li H. Aligning sequence reads, clone sequences and assembly contigs with BWA-MEM. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1303.3997.pdf (2013).
Quinlan AR, Hall IM. BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features. Bioinformatics 2010;26:841–2.
pubmed: 20110278 pmcid: 2832824 doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq033
Amemiya HM, Kundaje A, Boyle AP. The ENCODE blacklist: identification of problematic regions of the genome. Sci Rep. 2019;9:9354.
pubmed: 31249361 pmcid: 6597582 doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45839-z
De Boo LW, Opdam M, Kluin RJC, Schouten PC, Steenis C, Brugman W, et al. Sequence Read Archive (SRA) BioProject number PRJNA647428. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/study1/?acc=PRJNA647428& . (2021).
Schouten PC, Grigoriadis A, Kuilman T, Mirza H, Watkins JA, Cooke SA, et al. Robust BRCA1-like classification of copy number profiles of samples repeated across different datasets and platforms. Mol Oncol. 2015;9:1274–86.
pubmed: 25825120 pmcid: 5528812 doi: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.03.002
van Rossum AGJ, Schouten PC, Weber KE, Nekljudova V, Denkert C, Solbach C, et al. BRCA1-like profile is not significantly associated with survival benefit of non-myeloablative intensified chemotherapy in the GAIN randomized controlled trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017;166:775–85.
pubmed: 28822007 doi: 10.1007/s10549-017-4444-9
Brauer HA, Mashadi-Hossein A, Buckingham W, Danaher P, Ferree S Gene expression signature development to decode breast cancer heterogeneity. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:e24243-e.
Morningside Healthcare Ltd. Capecitabine 500mg Film-coated Tablets - summary of product characteristics (SPC). https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/11498/smpc (2021)
Iwaizumi M, Tseng-Rogenski S, Carethers JM. DNA mismatch repair proficiency executing 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 2011;12:756–64.
pubmed: 21814034 pmcid: 3367669 doi: 10.4161/cbt.12.8.17169
Huehls AM, Huntoon CJ, Joshi PM, Baehr CA, Wagner JM, Wang X, et al. Genomically incorporated 5-fluorouracil that escapes UNG-initiated base excision repair blocks DNA replication and activates homologous recombination. Mol Pharmacol. 2016;89:53–62.
pubmed: 26494862 pmcid: 4702102 doi: 10.1124/mol.115.100164
Alli E, Sharma VB, Hartman AR, Lin PS, McPherson L, Ford JM. Enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin and gemcitabine in Brca1-deficient murine mammary epithelial cells. BMC Pharmacol. 2011;11:7.
pubmed: 21771338 pmcid: 3146825 doi: 10.1186/1471-2210-11-7
Quinn JE, Kennedy RD, Mullan PB, Gilmore PM, Carty M, Johnston PG, et al. BRCA1 functions as a differential modulator of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res. 2003;63:6221–8.
pubmed: 14559807
Mayer IA, Zhao F, Arteaga CL, Symmans WF, Park BH, Burnette BL, et al. Randomized phase III postoperative trial of platinum-based chemotherapy versus capecitabine in patients with residual triple-negative breast cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: ECOG-ACRIN EA1131. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:2539–51.
pubmed: 34092112 doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.00976
Severson TM, Peeters J, Majewski I, Michaut M, Bosma A, Schouten PC, et al. BRCA1-like signature in triple negative breast cancer: molecular and clinical characterization reveals subgroups with therapeutic potential. Mol Oncol. 2015;9:1528–38.
pubmed: 26004083 pmcid: 5528786 doi: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.04.011
Lips EH, Mulder L, Oonk A, van der Kolk LE, Hogervorst FBL, Imholz ALT, et al. Triple-negative breast cancer: BRCAness and concordance of clinical features with BRCA1-mutation carriers. Br J Cancer. 2013;108:2172–7.
pubmed: 23558900 pmcid: 3670471 doi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.144
Simon RM, Paik S, Hayes DF. Use of archived specimens in evaluation of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101:1446–52.
pubmed: 19815849 pmcid: 2782246 doi: 10.1093/jnci/djp335
Lokich JJ, Ahlgren JD, Gullo JJ, Philips JA, Fryer JG. A prospective randomized comparison of continuous infusion fluorouracil with a conventional bolus schedule in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program Study. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7:425–32.
pubmed: 2926468 doi: 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.425
Rugo HS, Olopade OI, DeMichele A, Yau C, van ‘t Veer LJ, Buxton MB, et al. Adaptive randomization of veliparib-carboplatin treatment in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:23–34.
pubmed: 27406347 pmcid: 5259561 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1513749
Loibl S, O’Shaughnessy J, Untch M, Sikov WM, Rugo HS, McKee MD, et al. Addition of the PARP inhibitor veliparib plus carboplatin or carboplatin alone to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (BrighTNess): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:497–509.
pubmed: 29501363 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30111-6
Fasching PA, Link T, Hauke J, Seither F, Jackisch C, Klare P, et al. Neoadjuvant paclitaxel/olaparib in comparison to paclitaxel/carboplatinum in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer and homologous recombination deficiency (GeparOLA study). Ann Oncol. 2021;32:49–57.
Drost R, Bouwman P, Rottenberg S, Boon U, Schut E, Klarenbeek S, et al. BRCA1 RING function is essential for tumor suppression but dispensable for therapy resistance. Cancer Cell. 2011;20:797–809.
pubmed: 22172724 doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.11.014
Swisher EM, Sakai W, Karlan BY, Wurz K, Urban N, Taniguchi T. Secondary BRCA1 mutations in BRCA1-mutated ovarian carcinomas with platinum resistance. Cancer Res. 2008;68:2581–6.
pubmed: 18413725 pmcid: 2674369 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0088
Sakai W, Swisher EM, Karlan BY, Agarwal MK, Higgins J, Friedman C, et al. Secondary mutations as a mechanism of cisplatin resistance in BRCA2-mutated cancers. Nature 2008;451:1116–20.
pubmed: 18264087 pmcid: 2577037 doi: 10.1038/nature06633
Barber LJ, Sandhu S, Chen L, Campbell J, Kozarewa I, Fenwick K, et al. Secondary mutations in BRCA2 associated with clinical resistance to a PARP inhibitor. J Pathol. 2013;229:422–9.
pubmed: 23165508 doi: 10.1002/path.4140
de Boo LW, Jóźwiak K, Joensuu H, Lindman H, Lauttia S, Opdam M, et al. Adjuvant capecitabine-containing chemotherapy benefit and homologous recombination deficiency status among early-stage TNBC patients in the FinXX trial. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-125140/v1 .

Auteurs

Leonora W de Boo (LW)

Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Katarzyna Jóźwiak (K)

Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Heikki Joensuu (H)

Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Henrik Lindman (H)

Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.

Susanna Lauttia (S)

Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Mark Opdam (M)

Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Charlaine van Steenis (C)

Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Wim Brugman (W)

Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Roelof J C Kluin (RJC)

Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Philip C Schouten (PC)

Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Marleen Kok (M)

Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Petra M Nederlof (PM)

Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Michael Hauptmann (M)

Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Sabine C Linn (SC)

Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.linn@nki.nl.
Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.linn@nki.nl.
Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. s.linn@nki.nl.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH