Using mystery shoppers to determine practices pertaining to antibiotic dispensing without a prescription among community pharmacies in South Africa-a pilot survey.
Journal
JAC-antimicrobial resistance
ISSN: 2632-1823
Titre abrégé: JAC Antimicrob Resist
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101765283
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2022
Mar 2022
Historique:
received:
02
11
2021
accepted:
14
12
2021
entrez:
11
2
2022
pubmed:
12
2
2022
medline:
12
2
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Inappropriate use of antimicrobials is a key factor increasing antimicrobial resistance, a major global public health problem including in South Africa. Key drivers include antibiotics being dispensed without a prescription. To determine the accessibility of antibiotics without a prescription in community pharmacies in urban areas in South Africa and determine whether counselling was provided when antibiotics were dispensed. Prospective, observational study, employing simulated patients (SPs), presenting with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs), undertaken to establish whether antibiotics can be obtained without a valid prescription in South Africa. This pilot study was conducted in privately owned ( Antibiotics were sold in privately owned pharmacies without a prescription in 80% (16/20) of cases while no antibiotics were dispensed in corporate (franchised) pharmacies. Of the 16 pharmacies selling antibiotics without a prescription, pharmacist assistants were involved in 37.5% ( Dispensing antibiotics without prescriptions can be common among privately owned pharmacies in urban areas in South Africa. Corporate pharmacies, which probably have a greater income, appear to follow current legislation banning such activities. To limit selling with no prescription, community pharmacists and assistants especially in urban areas should be educated on appropriate patient care and legal requirements, with dispensing electronically monitored.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Inappropriate use of antimicrobials is a key factor increasing antimicrobial resistance, a major global public health problem including in South Africa. Key drivers include antibiotics being dispensed without a prescription.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
To determine the accessibility of antibiotics without a prescription in community pharmacies in urban areas in South Africa and determine whether counselling was provided when antibiotics were dispensed.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
METHODS
Prospective, observational study, employing simulated patients (SPs), presenting with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs), undertaken to establish whether antibiotics can be obtained without a valid prescription in South Africa. This pilot study was conducted in privately owned (
RESULTS
RESULTS
Antibiotics were sold in privately owned pharmacies without a prescription in 80% (16/20) of cases while no antibiotics were dispensed in corporate (franchised) pharmacies. Of the 16 pharmacies selling antibiotics without a prescription, pharmacist assistants were involved in 37.5% (
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Dispensing antibiotics without prescriptions can be common among privately owned pharmacies in urban areas in South Africa. Corporate pharmacies, which probably have a greater income, appear to follow current legislation banning such activities. To limit selling with no prescription, community pharmacists and assistants especially in urban areas should be educated on appropriate patient care and legal requirements, with dispensing electronically monitored.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35146427
doi: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab196
pii: dlab196
pmc: PMC8826632
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
dlab196Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.
Références
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jan 14;11:582154
pubmed: 33628172
BMC Fam Pract. 2019 Jan 7;20(1):5
pubmed: 30616518
Curr Med Res Opin. 2020 Feb;36(2):301-327
pubmed: 31794332
Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Nov 07;9(11):
pubmed: 33171743
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Jan;59(1):105-10
pubmed: 25313222
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jan 14;11:588106
pubmed: 33628173
Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Mar;18(3):241-242
pubmed: 29396007
Int J Infect Dis. 2017 Nov;64:100-106
pubmed: 28893672
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021 Jan 14;10(1):13
pubmed: 33446266
PLoS Med. 2019 Jun 11;16(6):e1002819
pubmed: 31185011
Life (Basel). 2021 Jun 07;11(6):
pubmed: 34200116
Front Pharmacol. 2018 May 29;9:442
pubmed: 29896100
J Infect. 2019 Jan;78(1):8-18
pubmed: 29981773
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2017 Sep;10:195-199
pubmed: 28735057
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2017 Oct;15(10):963-972
pubmed: 28922959
BMC Health Serv Res. 2020 Mar 19;20(1):234
pubmed: 32192481
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021 Apr;27(4):520-531
pubmed: 33418017
J Comp Eff Res. 2021 Aug;10(12):1019-1052
pubmed: 34241546
Clin Infect Dis. 2009 May 15;48(10):1345-9
pubmed: 19361303
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2022 Feb;18(2):2301-2307
pubmed: 33896748
Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Jan;21(1):107-115
pubmed: 32717205
PLoS One. 2017 Dec 21;12(12):e0189621
pubmed: 29267306
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015;13(12):1547-56
pubmed: 26358203
J Res Pharm Pract. 2019 Dec 27;8(4):220-224
pubmed: 31956636
Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015 Mar;27(2):NP2480-8
pubmed: 23536236
Glob Health Action. 2019 Dec 13;12(sup1):1824383
pubmed: 33040695
BMJ. 2020 May 18;369:m1983
pubmed: 32423901
Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Sep;94(38):e1605
pubmed: 26402824
BMC Health Serv Res. 2019 Jul 31;19(1):536
pubmed: 31366363
Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Dec;19(12):1278-1280
pubmed: 31782385
Saudi Med J. 2013 Oct;34(10):1048-54
pubmed: 24145940
Trop Med Int Health. 2013 Jun;18(6):665-73
pubmed: 23551290
Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Aug 23;10(8):
pubmed: 34439074
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022 Jan;20(1):71-93
pubmed: 34038294
Int J Clin Pract. 2017 Dec;71(12):
pubmed: 29178350
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2016 Dec;14(12):1215-1223
pubmed: 27548801
Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Dec;19(12):1345-1354
pubmed: 31588042
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2011 Dec;30(6):586-91
pubmed: 22358407
Front Public Health. 2020 Aug 27;8:454
pubmed: 32974264
Front Pharmacol. 2017 Nov 09;8:751
pubmed: 29163151
Int J Clin Pharm. 2013 Jun;35(3):417-24
pubmed: 23397322
Front Public Health. 2020 Dec 14;8:585832
pubmed: 33381485
J Res Pharm Pract. 2017 Apr-Jun;6(2):120-125
pubmed: 28616436
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2018 Jun;13:240-245
pubmed: 29414723
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019 Jan;17(1):3
pubmed: 30467331
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2016 Sep;14(9):863-72
pubmed: 27351748
Fam Med Community Health. 2019 Jul 12;7(3):e000138
pubmed: 32148717
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018 Dec;52(6):771-782
pubmed: 30312654
Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Dec;19(12):1272-1273
pubmed: 31588041
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 3;71(9):2459-2468
pubmed: 32358954
Health Policy Plan. 2020 Oct 1;35(8):973-982
pubmed: 32743655
Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Jan;19(1):56-66
pubmed: 30409683
Lancet Glob Health. 2021 May;9(5):e610-e619
pubmed: 33713630
Can J Hosp Pharm. 2016 Jan-Feb;69(1):36-41
pubmed: 26985087
PLoS One. 2013 Oct 16;8(10):e75550
pubmed: 24146761
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Sep;59(9):5862-3
pubmed: 26276893
BMC Public Health. 2021 Jun 3;21(1):1056
pubmed: 34082726
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2012 Oct;21(10):1130-3
pubmed: 22334375
BMC Public Health. 2020 Mar 4;20(1):289
pubmed: 32131787
Cureus. 2018 Apr 5;10(4):e2428
pubmed: 29876150
J Res Pharm Pract. 2021 May 13;10(1):17-22
pubmed: 34295848
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020 Jan;18(1):87-97
pubmed: 31834825
J Chemother. 2021 Feb;33(1):21-31
pubmed: 32693710
Public Health. 2019 Mar;168:92-101
pubmed: 30716570
J Res Pharm Pract. 2018 Apr-Jun;7(2):77-82
pubmed: 30050960
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Apr;20(4):e51-e60
pubmed: 32059790
Infect Drug Resist. 2019 Dec 20;12:3903-3910
pubmed: 31908502