Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Alpha Variant-United States, 2021.
Alpha
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
household
transmission
Journal
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
ISSN: 1537-6591
Titre abrégé: Clin Infect Dis
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9203213
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
24 08 2022
24 08 2022
Historique:
received:
02
12
2021
pubmed:
12
2
2022
medline:
30
8
2022
entrez:
11
2
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In Spring 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.7 (Alpha) became the predominant variant in the United States. Research suggests that Alpha has increased transmissibility compared with non-Alpha lineages. We estimated household secondary infection risk (SIR), assessed characteristics associated with transmission, and compared symptoms of persons with Alpha and non-Alpha infections. We followed households with SARS-CoV-2 infection for 2 weeks in San Diego County and metropolitan Denver, January to April 2021. We collected epidemiologic information and biospecimens for serology, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and whole-genome sequencing. We stratified SIR and symptoms by lineage and identified characteristics associated with transmission using generalized estimating equations. We investigated 127 households with 322 household contacts; 72 households (56.7%) had member(s) with secondary infections. SIRs were not significantly higher for Alpha (61.0% [95% confidence interval, 52.4-69.0%]) than non-Alpha (55.6% [44.7-65.9%], P = .49). In households with Alpha, persons who identified as Asian or Hispanic/Latino had significantly higher SIRs than those who identified as White (P = .01 and .03, respectively). Close contact (eg, kissing, hugging) with primary cases was associated with increased transmission for all lineages. Persons with Alpha infection were more likely to report constitutional symptoms than persons with non-Alpha (86.9% vs 76.8%, P = .05). Household SIRs were similar for Alpha and non-Alpha. Comparable SIRs may be due to saturation of transmission risk in households due to extensive close contact, or true lack of difference in transmission rates. Avoiding close contact within households may reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission for all lineages among household members.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
In Spring 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.7 (Alpha) became the predominant variant in the United States. Research suggests that Alpha has increased transmissibility compared with non-Alpha lineages. We estimated household secondary infection risk (SIR), assessed characteristics associated with transmission, and compared symptoms of persons with Alpha and non-Alpha infections.
METHODS
We followed households with SARS-CoV-2 infection for 2 weeks in San Diego County and metropolitan Denver, January to April 2021. We collected epidemiologic information and biospecimens for serology, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and whole-genome sequencing. We stratified SIR and symptoms by lineage and identified characteristics associated with transmission using generalized estimating equations.
RESULTS
We investigated 127 households with 322 household contacts; 72 households (56.7%) had member(s) with secondary infections. SIRs were not significantly higher for Alpha (61.0% [95% confidence interval, 52.4-69.0%]) than non-Alpha (55.6% [44.7-65.9%], P = .49). In households with Alpha, persons who identified as Asian or Hispanic/Latino had significantly higher SIRs than those who identified as White (P = .01 and .03, respectively). Close contact (eg, kissing, hugging) with primary cases was associated with increased transmission for all lineages. Persons with Alpha infection were more likely to report constitutional symptoms than persons with non-Alpha (86.9% vs 76.8%, P = .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Household SIRs were similar for Alpha and non-Alpha. Comparable SIRs may be due to saturation of transmission risk in households due to extensive close contact, or true lack of difference in transmission rates. Avoiding close contact within households may reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission for all lineages among household members.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35147176
pii: 6526950
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac125
pmc: PMC9047162
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e122-e132Investigateurs
Apophia Namageyo-Funa
(A)
Byron F Robinson
(BF)
Monique A Foster
(MA)
Lorraine N Alexander
(LN)
Michelle O'Hegarty
(M)
Tarah S Somers
(TS)
Horacio Ruisenor Escudero
(HR)
Yessica Gomez
(Y)
Winston E Abara
(WE)
Elizabeth Garza
(E)
Ben W Humrighouse
(BW)
Benjamin P Monroe
(BP)
Melissa Arons
(M)
Blake Cherney
(B)
Ayan K Chakrabarti
(AK)
Melissa J Whaley
(MJ)
Jeni Vuong
(J)
Laird J Ruth
(LJ)
Kristine Lindell
(K)
Joaudimir Castro Georgi
(JC)
Susanna N Visser
(SN)
Maggie Silver
(M)
Grace E Marx
(GE)
Rebecca J Chancey
(RJ)
Paul Mead
(P)
Michelle A Waltenburg
(MA)
Jennifer Lehman
(J)
Anna Drexler
(A)
Jamie Pawloski
(J)
Janae Stovall
(J)
Karen L Boroughs
(KL)
Aaron C Brault
(AC)
Sabrina Weis-Torres
(S)
Lili Punkova
(L)
Tao Lily Jia
(TL)
Peter Browning
(P)
Shanna Bolcen
(S)
Panagiotis Maniatis
(P)
So Hee Park
(SH)
Kimberly M Moss
(KM)
Briana Zellner
(B)
Kristina Ortiz
(K)
Ying Tao
(Y)
Yan Li
(Y)
Anna Kelleher
(A)
Han Jia Justin Ng
(HJ)
Jing Zhang
(J)
Brian Lynch
(B)
Peter W Cook
(PW)
Clinton R Paden
(CR)
Krista Queen
(K)
Magdalena Medrzycki
(M)
Shannon Rogers
(S)
Phili Wong
(P)
Shilpi Jain
(S)
Alexandra Tejada
(A)
John Michael Metz
(JM)
Ebenezer David
(E)
Xiaoling Tang
(X)
Nhien T Wynn
(NT)
Rebekah Tiller
(R)
Senthilkumar K Sakthivel
(SK)
Srinivasan Velusamy
(S)
Brett Whitaker
(B)
Ian W Pray
(IW)
Perrine Marcenac
(P)
Caroline Q Pratt
(CQ)
Rachael L Ticho Zacks
(RL)
Anna R Yousaf
(AR)
Hannah E Segaloff
(HE)
Farrell A Tobolowsky
(FA)
Melanie J Firestone
(MJ)
Emily N Schmitt-Matzen
(EN)
Talya Shragai
(T)
Stephen P LaVoie
(SP)
Kaitlin F Mitchell
(KF)
Maria I Dionicio Bernabe
(MI)
Graciela Zuniga-Groot
(G)
Anna Liza M Manlutac
(ALM)
Christopher Grano
(C)
Heather Baily
(H)
Alexis Burakoff
(A)
Lindsey Martin Webb
(LM)
Tara M Stitzlein
(TM)
Kimberly Huynh-Templeman
(K)
Shaun Dunyak
(S)
Nicholas J Pysnack
(NJ)
Christopher Delmonico
(C)
Wyatt Giddmore
(W)
Hannah M Fortune
(HM)
Hunter Olsen
(H)
Evelyn Alvarez
(E)
Cassandra N Bundalian
(CN)
Hannah Collins
(H)
Aleigha M Ricci
(AM)
Tia Ling
(T)
Informations de copyright
Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2022.