Increased Adiposity and Low Height-for-Age in Early Childhood Are Associated With Later Metabolic Risks in American Indian Children and Adolescents.
cardiometabolic risk
child health
child overweight
growth
pediatric obesity
Journal
The Journal of nutrition
ISSN: 1541-6100
Titre abrégé: J Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0404243
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 08 2022
09 08 2022
Historique:
received:
16
11
2021
revised:
22
12
2021
accepted:
07
02
2022
pubmed:
12
2
2022
medline:
11
8
2022
entrez:
11
2
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Growth abnormalities in childhood have been related to later cardiometabolic risks, but little is known about these associations in populations at high risk of type 2 diabetes. We examined the associations of patterns of growth, including weight and height at ages 1-59 months, with cardiometabolic risk factors at ages 5-16 years. We linked anthropometric data collected at ages 1-59 months to cardiometabolic data obtained from a longitudinal study in a southwestern American Indian population at high risk of diabetes. Analyses included 701 children with ≥1 follow-up examination at ages 5-16 years. We derived age- and sex-specific weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) and height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) at ages 1-59 months. We selected the highest observed WHZ and the lowest observed HAZ at ages 1-59 months and analyzed associations of z-scores and categories of WHZ and HAZ with cardiometabolic outcomes at ages 5-16 years. We used linear mixed-effects models to account for repeated measures. Overweight/obesity (WHZ >2) at ages 1-59 months was significantly associated with increased BMI, fasting and 2-hour postload plasma glucose, fasting and 2-hour insulin, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and decreased HDL cholesterol at ages 5-16 years relative to normal weight (WHZ ≤1). For example, at ages 5-9 years, 2-hour glucose was 10.4 mg/dL higher (95% CI: 5.6-15.3 mg/dL) and fasting insulin was 4.29 μU/mL higher (95% CI: 2.96-5.71 μU/mL) in those with overweight/obesity in early childhood. Associations were attenuated and no longer significant when adjusted for concurrent BMI. A low height-for-age (HAZ < -2) at ages 1-59 months was associated with 5.37 mg/dL lower HDL (95% CI: 2.57-8.17 mg/dL) and 27.5 μU/mL higher 2-hour insulin (95% CI: 3.41-57.6 μU/mL) at ages 10-16 years relative to an HAZ ≥0. In this American Indian population, findings suggest a strong contribution of overweight/obesity in early childhood to cardiometabolic risks in later childhood and adolescence, mediated through persistent overweight/obesity into later ages. Findings also suggest potential adverse effects of low height-for-age, which require confirmation.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Growth abnormalities in childhood have been related to later cardiometabolic risks, but little is known about these associations in populations at high risk of type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVES
We examined the associations of patterns of growth, including weight and height at ages 1-59 months, with cardiometabolic risk factors at ages 5-16 years.
METHODS
We linked anthropometric data collected at ages 1-59 months to cardiometabolic data obtained from a longitudinal study in a southwestern American Indian population at high risk of diabetes. Analyses included 701 children with ≥1 follow-up examination at ages 5-16 years. We derived age- and sex-specific weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) and height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) at ages 1-59 months. We selected the highest observed WHZ and the lowest observed HAZ at ages 1-59 months and analyzed associations of z-scores and categories of WHZ and HAZ with cardiometabolic outcomes at ages 5-16 years. We used linear mixed-effects models to account for repeated measures.
RESULTS
Overweight/obesity (WHZ >2) at ages 1-59 months was significantly associated with increased BMI, fasting and 2-hour postload plasma glucose, fasting and 2-hour insulin, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and decreased HDL cholesterol at ages 5-16 years relative to normal weight (WHZ ≤1). For example, at ages 5-9 years, 2-hour glucose was 10.4 mg/dL higher (95% CI: 5.6-15.3 mg/dL) and fasting insulin was 4.29 μU/mL higher (95% CI: 2.96-5.71 μU/mL) in those with overweight/obesity in early childhood. Associations were attenuated and no longer significant when adjusted for concurrent BMI. A low height-for-age (HAZ < -2) at ages 1-59 months was associated with 5.37 mg/dL lower HDL (95% CI: 2.57-8.17 mg/dL) and 27.5 μU/mL higher 2-hour insulin (95% CI: 3.41-57.6 μU/mL) at ages 10-16 years relative to an HAZ ≥0.
CONCLUSIONS
In this American Indian population, findings suggest a strong contribution of overweight/obesity in early childhood to cardiometabolic risks in later childhood and adolescence, mediated through persistent overweight/obesity into later ages. Findings also suggest potential adverse effects of low height-for-age, which require confirmation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35147199
pii: S0022-3166(22)00681-2
doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac031
pmc: PMC9554900
doi:
Substances chimiques
Insulin
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1872-1885Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2022.
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