Changes in body mass index in children and adolescents in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Journal
International journal of obesity (2005)
ISSN: 1476-5497
Titre abrégé: Int J Obes (Lond)
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101256108
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2022
06 2022
Historique:
received:
10
12
2021
accepted:
02
02
2022
revised:
31
01
2022
pubmed:
18
2
2022
medline:
3
6
2022
entrez:
17
2
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has health, social, and economic implications. Our primary objective was to evaluate changes in body mass index (BMI) from the pre-pandemic to COVID-19 pandemic period among a large pediatric population in Israel. This retrospective cohort study is based on data from Clalit Health Services, the largest health maintenance organization in Israel. The data accessed included sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical parameters of persons aged 2-20 years with at least one BMI measurement during 2017-2019 (pre-pandemic period) and one between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 (pandemic period). The cohort comprised 36,837 individuals (50.8% females); median age 11.2 years, 83.6% were Jewish and 10.3% of Arab ethnicity. BMI-SDS increased in both sexes (p < 0.001), in both ethnicities (p < 0.001), in all socioeconomic position clusters (p < 0.001), in children aged 2-18 years (P < 0.001), and in children with underweight or normal-weight in the pre-pandemic period (p < 0.001). For 21,610 individuals (35.6%), BMI-SDS increased ≥0.25 SD. The increase in BMI-SDS was greater in children aged 2-6 compared to 6.1-18 years; BMI-SDS decreased among those aged 18.1-20 years (P < 0.001). The increase in BMI-SDS was greater among those with underweight than normal weight; BMI-SDS decreased among those with overweight and obesity (P < 0.001). During the pandemic, overweight or obesity presented in 11.2% of those with normal weight in the pre-pandemic period; and obesity presented in 21.4% of those with overweight in the pre-pandemic period. The COVID-19 pandemic correlated with overall weight gain among children and adolescents, with the most substantial weight gain in children aged 2-6 years. Notably, the most significant increase in BMI-SDS was observed in children with underweight; BMI-SDS decreased in children with overweight and obesity. Policies should be established during the pandemic that focus on increasing physical activity, reducing sedentary time, and promoting healthy diets.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has health, social, and economic implications. Our primary objective was to evaluate changes in body mass index (BMI) from the pre-pandemic to COVID-19 pandemic period among a large pediatric population in Israel.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study is based on data from Clalit Health Services, the largest health maintenance organization in Israel. The data accessed included sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical parameters of persons aged 2-20 years with at least one BMI measurement during 2017-2019 (pre-pandemic period) and one between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 (pandemic period).
RESULTS
The cohort comprised 36,837 individuals (50.8% females); median age 11.2 years, 83.6% were Jewish and 10.3% of Arab ethnicity. BMI-SDS increased in both sexes (p < 0.001), in both ethnicities (p < 0.001), in all socioeconomic position clusters (p < 0.001), in children aged 2-18 years (P < 0.001), and in children with underweight or normal-weight in the pre-pandemic period (p < 0.001). For 21,610 individuals (35.6%), BMI-SDS increased ≥0.25 SD. The increase in BMI-SDS was greater in children aged 2-6 compared to 6.1-18 years; BMI-SDS decreased among those aged 18.1-20 years (P < 0.001). The increase in BMI-SDS was greater among those with underweight than normal weight; BMI-SDS decreased among those with overweight and obesity (P < 0.001). During the pandemic, overweight or obesity presented in 11.2% of those with normal weight in the pre-pandemic period; and obesity presented in 21.4% of those with overweight in the pre-pandemic period.
CONCLUSIONS
The COVID-19 pandemic correlated with overall weight gain among children and adolescents, with the most substantial weight gain in children aged 2-6 years. Notably, the most significant increase in BMI-SDS was observed in children with underweight; BMI-SDS decreased in children with overweight and obesity. Policies should be established during the pandemic that focus on increasing physical activity, reducing sedentary time, and promoting healthy diets.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35173280
doi: 10.1038/s41366-022-01092-5
pii: 10.1038/s41366-022-01092-5
pmc: PMC8852981
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1160-1167Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Références
Di Cesare M, Sorić M, Bovet P, Miranda JJ, Bhutta Z, Stevens GA, et al. The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action. BMC Med. 2019;17:212.
doi: 10.1186/s12916-019-1449-8
Campbell MK. Biological, environmental and social influences on childhood obesity. Pediatr Res. 2016;20:205–11.
doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.208
Ang YN, Wee BS, Poh BK, Ismail MN. Multifactorial Influences of Childhood Obesity. Curr Obes Rep. 2013;30:10–22.
doi: 10.1007/s13679-012-0042-7
Luiggi M, Rey O, Travert M, Griffet J. Overweight and obesity by school socioeconomic composition and adolescent socioeconomic status: a school-based study. BMC Public Health. 2021;11:1837.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11752-2
Kumar S, Kelly AS. Review of childhood obesity: from epidemiology, etiology, and comorbidities to clinical assessment and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92:251–65.
doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.017
Llewellyn A, Simmonds M, Owen CG, Woolacott N. Childhood obesity as a predictor of morbidity in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2016;17:56–67.
doi: 10.1111/obr.12316
Von Hippel PT, Powell B, Downey DB, Rowland NJ. The effect of school on overweight in childhood: Gain in body mass index during the school year and during summer vacation. Am J Public Health. 2007;97:696–702.
doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.080754
Franckle R, Adler R, Davison K. Accelerated weight gain among children during summer versus school year and related racial/ethnic disparities: A systematic review. Prev Chronic Dis. 2014;11:E101.
doi: 10.5888/pcd11.130355
Guo YF, Liao MQ, Cai WL, Yu XX, Li SN, Ke XY, et al. Physical activity, screen exposure and sleep among students during the pandemic of COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2021;20:8529.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88071-4
Nagata JM, Abdel Magid HS, Pettee Gabriel K. Screen time for children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Obesity. 2020;28:1582–3.
doi: 10.1002/oby.22917
Fang K, Mu M, Liu K, He Y. Screen time and childhood overweight/obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Care Health Dev. 2019;45:744–53.
doi: 10.1111/cch.12701
Calcaterra V, Vandoni M, Pellino VC, Cena H. Special attention to diet and physical activity in children and adolescents with obesity during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:407.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00407
Pietrobelli A, Pecoraro L, Ferruzzi A, Heo M, Faith M, Zoller T, et al. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors in children with obesity living in Verona, Italy: a longitudinal study. Obesity. 2020;28:1382–5.
doi: 10.1002/oby.22861
Ruiz-Roso MB, de Carvalho Padilha P, Mantilla-Escalante DC, Ulloa N, Brun P, Acevedo-Correa D, et al. Covid-19 confinement and changes of adolescent’s dietary trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Brazil. Nutrients. 2020;12:1807.
doi: 10.3390/nu12061807
Liu JJ, Bao Y, Huang X, Shi J, Lu L. Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4:347–9.
doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30096-1
Rasheed N. Stress-associated eating leads to obesity. Int J Health Sci. 2017;11:1–2.
Parker K, Uddin R, Ridgers ND, Brown H, Veitch J, Salmon J, et al. The use of digital platforms for adults’ and adolescents’ physical activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic (Our Life at Home): Survey Study. J Med Internet Res. 2021;1:e23389.
doi: 10.2196/23389
Wen J, Zhu L, Ji C. Changes in weight and height among Chinese preschool children during COVID-19 school closures. Int J Obes. 2021;45:2269–73.
doi: 10.1038/s41366-021-00912-4
Azoulay E, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Yaacov H, Gilboa I, Lopez A, Sheppes T, et al. Weight status and body composition dynamics in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:707773.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.707773
Israel central bureau of statistics (CBS); 2019. Characterization and classification of geographical units by the socio-economic level of the population, 2015. https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2019/1765_socio_economic_2015/e_print.pdf.
Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al. CDC growth charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat. 2002;246:1–190.
Dunton GF, Do B, Wang SD. Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in children living in the U.S. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1351.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09429-3
Jia P, Zhang L, Yu W, Yu B, Liu M, Zhang D, et al. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on activity patterns and weight status among youths in China: the COVID-19 impact on lifestyle change survey (COINLICS). Int J Obes. 2021;45:695–9.
doi: 10.1038/s41366-020-00710-4
Adams EL, Caccavale LJ, Smith D, Bean MK. Food insecurity, the home food environment, and parent feeding practices in the era of COVID-19. Obesity. 2020;28:2056–63.
doi: 10.1002/oby.22996
Weaver RG, Hunt ET, Armstrong B, Beets MW, Brazendale K, Turner-McGrievy G, et al. COVID-19 leads to accelerated increases in children’s BMI z-Score gain: An interrupted time-series study. Am J Prev Med. 2021;61:e161–e169.
doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.04.007
Baskin ML, Ard J, Franklin F, Allison DB. Prevalence of obesity in the United States. Obes Rev. 2005;6:5–7.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00165.x
Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. JAMA. 2004;291:2847–50.
doi: 10.1001/jama.291.23.2847
Salazar-Martinez E, Allen B, Fernandez-Ortega C, Torres-Mejia G, Galal O, Lazcano-Ponce E. Overweight and obesity status among adolescents from Mexico and Egypt. Arch Med Res. 2006;37:535–42.
doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.10.014
Vinker-Shuster M, Grossman ES, Yeshayahu Y. Increased weight gain of children during the COVID-19 lockdown. Isr Med Assoc J. 2021;23:219–22.
pubmed: 33899353
Maltoni G, Zioutas M, Deiana G, Biserni GB, Pession A, Stefano, et al. Gender differences in weight gain during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents with obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;31:2181–5.
doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.03.018
Ram E, Marcus O, Joubran S, Abdo B, Asal NR. Prevalence of obesity among Arab school children in Nazareth, Israel: comparison with national (Jewish) and international data. Pediatr Obes. 2013;8:428–38.
doi: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00128.x
Jenssen BP, Kelly MK, Powell M, Bouchelle Z, Mayne SL, Fiks AG. COVID-19 and Changes in Child Obesity. Pediatrics. 2021;147:e2021050123.
doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-050123
Lange SJ, Kompaniyets L, Freedman DS, Kraus EM, Porter R, Blanck HM, et al. Longitudinal trends in body mass index before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among persons aged 2–19 years-United States, 2018– 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70:1278–83.
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7037a3
Agostino H, Burstein B, Moubayed D, Taddeo D, Grady R, Vyver E, et al. Acute care visits for eating disorders among children and adolescents after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2137395.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.37395
Toulany A, Kurdyak P, Guttmann A, Stukel TA, Fu L, Strauss R, et al. Trends in the incidence of new-onset anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. J Adolesc Health. 2022;70:42–47.
doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.09.025
Dathan-Stumpf A, Vogel M, Hiemisch A, Thiery J, Burkhardt R, Jürgen Kratzsch J, et al. Pediatric reference data of serum lipids and prevalence of dyslipidemia: Results from a population-based cohort in Germany. Clin Biochem. 2016;49:740–9.
doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.02.010
Song P, Zhang Y, Yu J, Zha M, Zhu Y, Rahimi K, et al. Global prevalence of hypertension in children. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173:1154–63.
doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3310
Andersen IG, Holm JC, Homøe P. Obstructive sleep apnea in children and adolescents with and without obesity. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;276:871–8.
doi: 10.1007/s00405-019-05290-2
Anderson EL, Howe LD, Jones HE, Higgins JPT, Lawlor DA, Fraser A. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0140908.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140908