Search for Relativistic Magnetic Monopoles with Eight Years of IceCube Data.

Journal

Physical review letters
ISSN: 1079-7114
Titre abrégé: Phys Rev Lett
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401141

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
04 Feb 2022
Historique:
received: 28 09 2021
revised: 09 12 2021
accepted: 05 01 2022
entrez: 18 2 2022
pubmed: 19 2 2022
medline: 19 2 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

We present an all-sky 90% confidence level upper limit on the cosmic flux of relativistic magnetic monopoles using 2886 days of IceCube data. The analysis was optimized for monopole speeds between 0.750c and 0.995c, without any explicit restriction on the monopole mass. We constrain the flux of relativistic cosmic magnetic monopoles to a level below 2.0×10^{-19}  cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1} over the majority of the targeted speed range. This result constitutes the most strict upper limit to date for magnetic monopoles with β≳0.8 and up to β∼0.995 and fills the gap between existing limits on the cosmic flux of nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic magnetic monopoles.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.051101 PMID: 35179913
pubmed: 35179913
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.051101
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

051101

Auteurs

R Abbasi (R)

Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA.

M Ackermann (M)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

J Adams (J)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.

J A Aguilar (JA)

Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

M Ahlers (M)

Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

M Ahrens (M)

Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

C Alispach (C)

Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.

A A Alves (AA)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

N M Amin (NM)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

R An (R)

Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

K Andeen (K)

Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA.

T Anderson (T)

Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

G Anton (G)

Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

C Argüelles (C)

Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Y Ashida (Y)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

S Axani (S)

Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

X Bai (X)

Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA.

A Balagopal V (A)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

A Barbano (A)

Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.

S W Barwick (SW)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.

B Bastian (B)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

V Basu (V)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

S Baur (S)

Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

R Bay (R)

Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

J J Beatty (JJ)

Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

K-H Becker (KH)

Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.

J Becker Tjus (J)

Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.

C Bellenghi (C)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

S BenZvi (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.

D Berley (D)

Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

E Bernardini (E)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

D Z Besson (DZ)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.

G Binder (G)

Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

D Bindig (D)

Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.

E Blaufuss (E)

Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

S Blot (S)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

M Boddenberg (M)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

F Bontempo (F)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

J Borowka (J)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

S Böser (S)

Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

O Botner (O)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

J Böttcher (J)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

E Bourbeau (E)

Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

F Bradascio (F)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

J Braun (J)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

S Bron (S)

Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.

J Brostean-Kaiser (J)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

S Browne (S)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

A Burgman (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

R T Burley (RT)

Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.

R S Busse (RS)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.

M A Campana (MA)

Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

E G Carnie-Bronca (EG)

Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.

C Chen (C)

School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.

Z Chen (Z)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

D Chirkin (D)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

K Choi (K)

Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.

B A Clark (BA)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

K Clark (K)

Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.

L Classen (L)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.

A Coleman (A)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

G H Collin (GH)

Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

J M Conrad (JM)

Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

P Coppin (P)

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

P Correa (P)

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

D F Cowen (DF)

Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

R Cross (R)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.

C Dappen (C)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

P Dave (P)

School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.

C De Clercq (C)

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

J J DeLaunay (JJ)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.

H Dembinski (H)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

K Deoskar (K)

Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

A Desai (A)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

P Desiati (P)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

K D de Vries (KD)

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

G de Wasseige (G)

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

M de With (M)

Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.

T DeYoung (T)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

S Dharani (S)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

A Diaz (A)

Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

J C Díaz-Vélez (JC)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

M Dittmer (M)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.

H Dujmovic (H)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

M Dunkman (M)

Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

M A DuVernois (MA)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

E Dvorak (E)

Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA.

T Ehrhardt (T)

Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

P Eller (P)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

R Engel (R)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

H Erpenbeck (H)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

J Evans (J)

Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

P A Evenson (PA)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

K L Fan (KL)

Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

A R Fazely (AR)

Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.

N Feigl (N)

Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.

S Fiedlschuster (S)

Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

A T Fienberg (AT)

Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

K Filimonov (K)

Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

C Finley (C)

Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

L Fischer (L)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

D Fox (D)

Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

A Franckowiak (A)

Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

E Friedman (E)

Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

A Fritz (A)

Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

P Fürst (P)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

T K Gaisser (TK)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

J Gallagher (J)

Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

E Ganster (E)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

A Garcia (A)

Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

S Garrappa (S)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

L Gerhardt (L)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

A Ghadimi (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.

C Glaser (C)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

T Glauch (T)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

T Glüsenkamp (T)

Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

J G Gonzalez (JG)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

S Goswami (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.

D Grant (D)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

T Grégoire (T)

Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

S Griswold (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.

M Gündüz (M)

Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.

C Günther (C)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

C Haack (C)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

A Hallgren (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

R Halliday (R)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

L Halve (L)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

F Halzen (F)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

M Ha Minh (M)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

K Hanson (K)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

J Hardin (J)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

A A Harnisch (AA)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

A Haungs (A)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

S Hauser (S)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

D Hebecker (D)

Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.

K Helbing (K)

Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.

F Henningsen (F)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

E C Hettinger (EC)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

S Hickford (S)

Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.

J Hignight (J)

Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.

C Hill (C)

Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.

G C Hill (GC)

Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.

K D Hoffman (KD)

Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

R Hoffmann (R)

Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.

T Hoinka (T)

Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.

B Hokanson-Fasig (B)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

K Hoshina (K)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

F Huang (F)

Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

M Huber (M)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

T Huber (T)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

K Hultqvist (K)

Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

M Hünnefeld (M)

Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.

R Hussain (R)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

S In (S)

Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.

N Iovine (N)

Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

A Ishihara (A)

Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.

M Jansson (M)

Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

G S Japaridze (GS)

CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA.

M Jeong (M)

Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.

B J P Jones (BJP)

Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.

D Kang (D)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

W Kang (W)

Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.

X Kang (X)

Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

A Kappes (A)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.

D Kappesser (D)

Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

T Karg (T)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

M Karl (M)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

A Karle (A)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

U Katz (U)

Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

M Kauer (M)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

M Kellermann (M)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

J L Kelley (JL)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

A Kheirandish (A)

Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

K Kin (K)

Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.

T Kintscher (T)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

J Kiryluk (J)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

S R Klein (SR)

Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

R Koirala (R)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

H Kolanoski (H)

Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.

T Kontrimas (T)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

L Köpke (L)

Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

C Kopper (C)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

S Kopper (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.

D J Koskinen (DJ)

Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

P Koundal (P)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

M Kovacevich (M)

Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

M Kowalski (M)

Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

T Kozynets (T)

Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

E Kun (E)

Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.

N Kurahashi (N)

Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

N Lad (N)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

C Lagunas Gualda (C)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

J L Lanfranchi (JL)

Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

M J Larson (MJ)

Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

F Lauber (F)

Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.

J P Lazar (JP)

Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

J W Lee (JW)

Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.

K Leonard (K)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

A Leszczyńska (A)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Y Li (Y)

Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

M Lincetto (M)

Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.

Q R Liu (QR)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

M Liubarska (M)

Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.

E Lohfink (E)

Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

C J Lozano Mariscal (CJ)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.

L Lu (L)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

F Lucarelli (F)

Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.

A Ludwig (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

W Luszczak (W)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

Y Lyu (Y)

Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

W Y Ma (WY)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

J Madsen (J)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

K B M Mahn (KBM)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

Y Makino (Y)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

S Mancina (S)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

I C Mariş (IC)

Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

R Maruyama (R)

Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

K Mase (K)

Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.

T McElroy (T)

Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.

F McNally (F)

Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA.

J V Mead (JV)

Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

K Meagher (K)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

S Mechbal (S)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

A Medina (A)

Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

M Meier (M)

Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.

S Meighen-Berger (S)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

J Micallef (J)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

D Mockler (D)

Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

T Montaruli (T)

Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.

R W Moore (RW)

Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.

R Morse (R)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

M Moulai (M)

Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

R Naab (R)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

R Nagai (R)

Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.

U Naumann (U)

Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.

J Necker (J)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

L V Nguyễn (LV)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

H Niederhausen (H)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

M U Nisa (MU)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

S C Nowicki (SC)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

A Obertacke Pollmann (A)

Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.

M Oehler (M)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

B Oeyen (B)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.

A Olivas (A)

Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

E O'Sullivan (E)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

H Pandya (H)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

D V Pankova (DV)

Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

N Park (N)

Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.

G K Parker (GK)

Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.

E N Paudel (EN)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

L Paul (L)

Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA.

C Pérez de Los Heros (C)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

L Peters (L)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

J Peterson (J)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

S Philippen (S)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

D Pieloth (D)

Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.

S Pieper (S)

Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.

M Pittermann (M)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

A Pizzuto (A)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

M Plum (M)

Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA.

Y Popovych (Y)

Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

A Porcelli (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.

M Prado Rodriguez (M)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

P B Price (PB)

Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

B Pries (B)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

G T Przybylski (GT)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

C Raab (C)

Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

A Raissi (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.

M Rameez (M)

Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

K Rawlins (K)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA.

I C Rea (IC)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

A Rehman (A)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

P Reichherzer (P)

Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.

R Reimann (R)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

G Renzi (G)

Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

E Resconi (E)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

S Reusch (S)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

W Rhode (W)

Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.

M Richman (M)

Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

B Riedel (B)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

E J Roberts (EJ)

Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.

S Robertson (S)

Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

G Roellinghoff (G)

Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.

M Rongen (M)

Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

C Rott (C)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.

T Ruhe (T)

Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.

D Ryckbosch (D)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.

D Rysewyk Cantu (D)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

I Safa (I)

Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

J Saffer (J)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

S E Sanchez Herrera (SE)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

A Sandrock (A)

Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.

J Sandroos (J)

Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

M Santander (M)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.

S Sarkar (S)

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.

S Sarkar (S)

Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.

K Satalecka (K)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

M Scharf (M)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

M Schaufel (M)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

H Schieler (H)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

S Schindler (S)

Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

P Schlunder (P)

Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.

T Schmidt (T)

Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

A Schneider (A)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

J Schneider (J)

Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

F G Schröder (FG)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

L Schumacher (L)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

G Schwefer (G)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

S Sclafani (S)

Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

D Seckel (D)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

S Seunarine (S)

Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA.

A Sharma (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

S Shefali (S)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

M Silva (M)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

B Skrzypek (B)

Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

B Smithers (B)

Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.

R Snihur (R)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

J Soedingrekso (J)

Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.

D Soldin (D)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

C Spannfellner (C)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

G M Spiczak (GM)

Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA.

C Spiering (C)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

J Stachurska (J)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

M Stamatikos (M)

Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

T Stanev (T)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

R Stein (R)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

J Stettner (J)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

A Steuer (A)

Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

T Stezelberger (T)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

T Stürwald (T)

Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.

T Stuttard (T)

Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

G W Sullivan (GW)

Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

I Taboada (I)

School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.

F Tenholt (F)

Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.

S Ter-Antonyan (S)

Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.

S Tilav (S)

Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

F Tischbein (F)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

K Tollefson (K)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

L Tomankova (L)

Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.

C Tönnis (C)

Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.

S Toscano (S)

Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

D Tosi (D)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

A Trettin (A)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

M Tselengidou (M)

Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

C F Tung (CF)

School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.

A Turcati (A)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

R Turcotte (R)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

C F Turley (CF)

Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

J P Twagirayezu (JP)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

B Ty (B)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

M A Unland Elorrieta (MA)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.

N Valtonen-Mattila (N)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

J Vandenbroucke (J)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

N van Eijndhoven (N)

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

D Vannerom (D)

Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

J van Santen (J)

DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

S Verpoest (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.

C Walck (C)

Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

T B Watson (TB)

Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.

C Weaver (C)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

P Weigel (P)

Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

A Weindl (A)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

M J Weiss (MJ)

Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

J Weldert (J)

Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

C Wendt (C)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

J Werthebach (J)

Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.

M Weyrauch (M)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

N Whitehorn (N)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

C H Wiebusch (CH)

III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.

D R Williams (DR)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.

M Wolf (M)

Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

K Woschnagg (K)

Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

G Wrede (G)

Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

J Wulff (J)

Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.

X W Xu (XW)

Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.

J P Yanez (JP)

Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.

S Yoshida (S)

Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.

S Yu (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

T Yuan (T)

Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

Z Zhang (Z)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

Classifications MeSH