Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: The Search for the Optimal Biomarker.
Immunotherapy
PD-L1
cell-free DNA
endogenous retroviruses
immune checkpoint inhibitors
microbiome
mismatch repair
triple negative breast cancer
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
tumor mutational burden
Journal
Biomarker insights
ISSN: 1177-2719
Titre abrégé: Biomark Insights
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101288638
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
24
09
2021
accepted:
04
01
2022
entrez:
28
2
2022
pubmed:
1
3
2022
medline:
1
3
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high-risk and aggressive malignancy characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the surface of malignant cells, and by the lack of overexpression of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). It has limited therapeutic options compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. There is now a growing body of evidence on the role of immunotherapy in TNBC, however much of the data from clinical trials is conflicting and thus, challenging for clinicians to integrate the data into clinical practice. Landmark phase III trials using immunotherapy in the early-stage neoadjuvant setting concluded that the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy improved the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate compared to chemotherapy with placebo while others found no significant improvement in pCR. Phase III trials have investigated the utility of immunotherapy in previously untreated metastatic TNBC, and these studies have similarly arrived at inconsistent conclusions. Some studies showed no benefit while others demonstrated a clinically significant improvement in overall survival in the PD-L1 positive population. It is not yet clear which biomarkers are most useful, and assays for these biomarkers have not been standardized. Given the often serious and severe side effects of immunotherapy, it is important and necessary to identify predictive biomarkers of response and resistance in order to enhance patient selection. In this review, we will discuss both the challenges of traditional biomarkers and the opportunities of emerging biomarkers for patient selection.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35221668
doi: 10.1177/11772719221078774
pii: 10.1177_11772719221078774
pmc: PMC8874164
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
11772719221078774Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2022.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: CO, SQ, NC, MG, and DT declare that there is no conflict of interest. SG declares spousal employment and equity for Merck and SG consults for Merck, Roche, EQRX, KayoThera, SilaGene.
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