Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
HBV
HCV
HIV
coinfection
pathogenesis
prevalence
risk factors
Journal
Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
Titre abrégé: Front Microbiol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101548977
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
21
09
2021
accepted:
21
12
2021
entrez:
28
2
2022
pubmed:
1
3
2022
medline:
1
3
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus are three blood-borne viruses that can cause major global health issues by increasing severe morbidity. There is a high risk of coinfection with these viruses in individuals because of their same transmission routes through blood using shared needles, syringes, other injection equipment, sexual transmission, or even vertical transmission. Coinfection can cause various liver-related illnesses, non-hepatic organ dysfunction, followed by death compared to any of these single infections. The treatment of coinfected patients is complicated due to the side effects of antiviral medication, resulting in drug resistance, hepatotoxicity, and a lack of required responses. On the other hand, coinfected individuals must be treated with multiple drugs simultaneously, such as for HIV either along with HBV or HCV and HBV and HCV. Therefore, diagnosing, treating, and controlling dual infections with HIV, HBV, or HCV is complicated and needs further investigation. This review focuses on the current prevalence, risk factors, and pathogenesis of dual infections with HIV, HBV, and HCV. We also briefly overviewed the diagnosis and treatment of coinfections of these three blood-borne viruses.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35222296
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.780887
pmc: PMC8865087
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
780887Commentaires et corrections
Type : ErratumIn
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Shahriar, Araf, Ahmad, Kattel, Sah, Rahaman, Sadiea, Sultana, Islam, Zheng and Hossain.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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