Emotional Discomfort Scale: Instrument Development and Association With General Self-Efficacy and Data From an Urban Primary Care Setting.
discomfort
instrument
psychological distress
psychometrics
self-efficacy
Journal
Cureus
ISSN: 2168-8184
Titre abrégé: Cureus
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101596737
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2022
Jan 2022
Historique:
accepted:
22
01
2022
entrez:
28
2
2022
pubmed:
1
3
2022
medline:
1
3
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Sense of discomfort, which is experienced in daily encounters, can develop into stress, coexist with stress, or interplay with self-efficacy. This study presents two objectives, namely, to develop and test a new instrument called the Emotional Discomfort (EmoD) Scale and to compare the EmoD with the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale. The study was conducted in an urban primary healthcare center in Greece over a three-week period in 2020. Out of 314 individuals invited to participate, 263 accepted and completed the questionnaire. The EmoD is a five-point Likert-type eight-item scale for assessing individual reaction and sense of discomfort in daily life situations. Cronbach's α for the new scale reached 0.730 (acceptable reliability). Participants who used psychotropic drugs scored higher in the EmoD scale compared with nonusers. GSE scores showed reverse associations with EmoD scores. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that an increase in self-efficacy, as measured using the GSE scale, was associated with a reduction in sense of discomfort, as measured by the EmoD scale. The use of the EmoD scale can aid health or social care providers in detecting levels of emotional discomfort, a finding that is demonstrated to interplay with self-efficacy. Future studies employing the use of this new instrument could examine emotional discomfort in relation to stress coping and social isolation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35223272
doi: 10.7759/cureus.21495
pmc: PMC8860711
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e21495Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022, Symvoulakis et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Références
J Adv Nurs. 2019 Dec;75(12):3544-3553
pubmed: 31441523
J Adv Nurs. 2004 Mar;45(5):536-45
pubmed: 15009358
Cogn Behav Ther. 2015;44(3):212-22
pubmed: 25705989
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021 Feb 11;:20764021993510
pubmed: 33570018
J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96
pubmed: 6668417
Oncotarget. 2017 May 30;8(22):36800-36811
pubmed: 28404938
Health Educ Behav. 2004 Apr;31(2):143-64
pubmed: 15090118
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988 Dec;56(6):893-7
pubmed: 3204199
Br J Clin Psychol. 1992 Sep;31(3):301-6
pubmed: 1393159
Soc Indic Res. 2013 Aug;113(1):551-561
pubmed: 23874059
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020 Apr 30;33(3):283-297
pubmed: 32210420
Cancer. 2018 Apr 15;124(8):1770-1779
pubmed: 29390165
Hormones (Athens). 2013 Jul-Sep;12(3):386-96
pubmed: 24121380
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2002;55(3):233-69
pubmed: 12693547
Subst Use Misuse. 2019;54(14):2400-2408
pubmed: 31434546
Rural Remote Health. 2019 Oct;19(4):5241
pubmed: 31661290
Scand J Caring Sci. 2016 Dec;30(4):687-694
pubmed: 26463897
Maturitas. 2020 Jun;136:1-6
pubmed: 32386660
Eur J Gen Pract. 2012 Mar;18(1):3-8
pubmed: 21879836
Psychol Bull. 2010 Sep;136(5):768-821
pubmed: 20804236
Psychol Addict Behav. 2008 Mar;22(1):47-57
pubmed: 18298230
Eur J Public Health. 2012 Dec;22(6):787-92
pubmed: 22315461
Prev Med. 2021 Aug;149:106612
pubmed: 33989673
Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Jun 01;55(6):
pubmed: 31159453
PLoS One. 2017 Mar 31;12(3):e0175096
pubmed: 28362861
J Nurs Manag. 2019 Oct;27(7):1445-1453
pubmed: 31306524
BMC Psychiatry. 2015 Jul 25;15:173
pubmed: 26205468