The relationship between additional heads of the quadriceps femoris, the vasti muscles, and the patellar ligament.
Journal
BioMed research international
ISSN: 2314-6141
Titre abrégé: Biomed Res Int
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101600173
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
23
08
2021
accepted:
26
01
2022
entrez:
28
2
2022
pubmed:
1
3
2022
medline:
29
3
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The quadriceps femoris consists of four muscles: the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis. However, the effect of additional quadriceps femoris heads on the vasti muscles and patellar ligaments is unknown. The aims of the present study are to determine the relationship between additional quadriceps femoris heads and the vasti muscles and patellar ligaments and to review the morphology of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. One hundred and six lower limbs (34 male and 19 female cadavers) fixed in 10% formalin were examined. On all lower extremities, the vastus lateralis consisted of superficial, intermediate, and deep layers. The vastus medialis, on the other hand, consisted of only the longus and obliquus layers. The quadriceps head had one or more supplementary heads in 106 dissected limbs from 68 cadavers (64.1%). The distal portion of the patella was wider in lower limbs without supplementary heads than in type IA but narrower than in type IIIA. In general, the distal portion of the patella was narrower in specimens with a supplementary head than in those without (19.03 SD 3.18 mm vs. 20.58 SD 2.95 mm, The quadriceps femoris muscle is characterized by high morphological variability. Occurrence of extra heads is at the level of 64.1%. The vastus lateralis consists of three parts (superficial, intermediate, and deep), and vastus medialis consists of two (longus and oblique).
Identifiants
pubmed: 35224103
doi: 10.1155/2022/9569101
pmc: PMC8866009
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
9569101Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Łukasz Olewnik et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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