Endovascular Porcine Model of Iliocaval Venous Thrombosis.

To develop a large animal model of iliocaval deep venous thrombosis (DVT), which enables development and evaluation of interventional management and existing imaging modalities. The experimental protocol consisted of a total endovascular approach. Pigs were percutaneously accessed through the right internal jugular and bilateral femoral veins. Three balloon catheters were inflated to induce venous stasis in the infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) and bilateral common iliac veins (CIVs). Hypercoagulability was induced by injecting 10 000 IU of thrombin. After 2.5 hours, the balloon catheters were removed before animal recovery. After seven, 14, 21, 28, or 35 days, animals were euthanised; the IVC and CIV were harvested en bloc, cross sectioned and prepared for histological examination. Multimodal imaging was performed before and after thrombus creation, and before animal euthanasia. Thirteen female domestic pigs with a mean weight of 59.3 kilograms were used. The mean maximum IVC diameter and area were 16.4 mm and 1.2 cm Endovascular occlusion combined with thrombin infusion is a reliable minimally invasive approach to produce acute and subacute DVT in a large animal model.

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