Risk factors on testicular function in adolescents.
Cancer
Cryptorchidism
Diabetes
Obesity
Puberty
Varicocele
Journal
Journal of endocrinological investigation
ISSN: 1720-8386
Titre abrégé: J Endocrinol Invest
Pays: Italy
ID NLM: 7806594
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2022
Sep 2022
Historique:
received:
20
12
2021
accepted:
13
02
2022
pubmed:
15
3
2022
medline:
11
8
2022
entrez:
14
3
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Adolescence represents an important window for gonadal development. The aim of this review is to carry out a critical excursus of the most recent literature on endogenous and exogenous risk factors related to testicular function, focusing the research on adolescence period. A comprehensive literature search within PubMed was performed to provide a summary of currently available evidence regarding the impact on adolescence of varicocele, cryptorchidism, cancer, diabetes, lifestyle factors, endocrine disruptors, obesity and sexually transmitted diseases. We focused on human studies that evaluated a possible impact of these factors on puberty timing and their effects on andrological health. Evidence collected seems to suggest that andrological health in adolescence may be impaired by several factors, as varicocele, cryptorchidism, and childhood cancer. Despite an early diagnosis and treatment, many adolescents might still have symptoms and sign of a testicular dysfunction in their adult life and at the current time it is not possible to predict which of them will experience andrological problems. Lifestyle factors might have a role in these discrepancies. Most studies point out towards a correlation between obesity, insulin resistance, alcohol, smoking, use of illegal drugs and testicular function in pubertal boys. Also, endocrine disruptors and sexually transmitted diseases might contribute to impair reproductive health, but more studies in adolescents are needed. According to currently available evidence, there is an emerging global adverse trend of high-risk and unhealthy behaviors in male adolescents. A significant proportion of young men with unsuspected and undiagnosed andrological disorders engage in behaviors that could impair testicular development and function, with an increased risk for later male infertility and/or hypogonadism during the adult life. Therefore, adolescence should be considered a key time for intervention and prevention of later andrological diseases.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35286610
doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01769-8
pii: 10.1007/s40618-022-01769-8
pmc: PMC9360118
doi:
Substances chimiques
Endocrine Disruptors
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1625-1639Subventions
Organisme : MIUR
ID : PRIN2017- 2017S9KTNE_003
Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
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