Socioeconomic impacts of clinical foot-and-mouth disease and a risk-based partial vaccination campaign for smallholders in Lao People's Democratic Republic.
developing countries
disease control
large ruminants
smallholders
socioeconomic
vaccination
Journal
Transboundary and emerging diseases
ISSN: 1865-1682
Titre abrégé: Transbound Emerg Dis
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101319538
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2022
Sep 2022
Historique:
revised:
28
02
2022
received:
22
01
2022
accepted:
05
03
2022
pubmed:
17
3
2022
medline:
30
9
2022
entrez:
16
3
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). A risk-based partial vaccination campaign was implemented in Champasak, Savannakhet and Xiengkhouang Provinces in Lao PDR in 2016-2020, which had limited effects on reducing the circulation of FMD virus. The objectives of this study were to measure the socioeconomic effects of (i) a clinical FMD occurrence and (ii) the vaccination campaign on livestock production performance of smallholders in Lao PDR in 2016-2020. Two questionnaire surveys were conducted at the beginning (2016) and the end (2020) of the campaign, involving 1609 smallholders in 160 villages comparing areas with and without FMD control. Mixed-effect multivariable regression models were fitted to measure the association between livestock production parameters at the household level (rates of birth, sale, purchase, and death, sale price, costs, gross gains and net gains) and (i) a clinical FMD occurrence and (ii) the vaccination campaign, while adjusting for village, herd size, province, vaccination status and FMD knowledge. We found no significant difference in annual household-level costs, gains and net gains by due absence of FMD. However, smallholders with FMD had a 52% higher cattle death rate, a 43% lower goat sale rate and a 78% lower pig sale price than those without FMD. Smallholders with FMD also had a lower purchase rate of livestock (cattle -15% and pigs -93%) compared with those without FMD. There was a general improvement in livestock production in target villages over the 5 years of the vaccination campaign, whereas there was an overall decline in non-target villages, resulting in USD 218 higher net gains in target villages in 2020 compared with non-target villages, possibly due to reduced severity of disease and improved awareness on FMD and general livestock health. The findings of this study will help improve strategies for sustainable and efficient FMD control in Lao PDR, while the challenges and importance of gaining participation by smallholders are highlighted.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e1825-e1838Informations de copyright
© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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