Epigenetics of pregnancy: looking beyond the DNA code.
Brain development
Embryo and fetus development
Epigenetics
Pregnancy
Review
miRNA
Journal
Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics
ISSN: 1573-7330
Titre abrégé: J Assist Reprod Genet
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 9206495
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Apr 2022
Apr 2022
Historique:
received:
22
11
2021
accepted:
01
03
2022
pubmed:
19
3
2022
medline:
3
5
2022
entrez:
18
3
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Epigenetics is the branch of genetics that studies the different mechanisms that influence gene expression without direct modification of the DNA sequence. An ever-increasing amount of evidence suggests that such regulatory processes may play a pivotal role both in the initiation of pregnancy and in the later processes of embryonic and fetal development, thus determining long-term effects even in adult life. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of epigenetics in pregnancy, from its most studied and well-known mechanisms to the new frontiers of epigenetic regulation, such as the role of ncRNAs and the effects of the gestational environment on fetal brain development. Epigenetic mechanisms in pregnancy are a dynamic phenomenon that responds both to maternal-fetal and environmental factors, which can influence and modify the embryo-fetal development during the various gestational phases. Therefore, we also recapitulate the effects of the most notable environmental factors that can affect pregnancy and prenatal development, such as maternal nutrition, stress hormones, microbiome, and teratogens, focusing on their ability to cause epigenetic modifications in the gestational environment and ultimately in the fetus. Despite the promising advancements in the knowledge of epigenetics in pregnancy, more experience and data on this topic are still needed. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation in pregnancy could in fact prove valuable towards a better management of both physiological pregnancies and assisted reproduction treatments, other than allowing to better comprehend the origin of multifactorial pathological conditions such as neurodevelopmental disorders.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35301622
doi: 10.1007/s10815-022-02451-x
pii: 10.1007/s10815-022-02451-x
pmc: PMC9050975
doi:
Substances chimiques
DNA
9007-49-2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
801-816Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
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