Using trained dogs and organic semi-conducting sensors to identify asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study.
COVID-19
infection control
public health
rapid screening
Journal
Journal of travel medicine
ISSN: 1708-8305
Titre abrégé: J Travel Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9434456
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
31 05 2022
31 05 2022
Historique:
received:
21
12
2021
revised:
01
02
2022
accepted:
05
02
2022
pubmed:
25
3
2022
medline:
3
6
2022
entrez:
24
3
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
A rapid, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic screen is needed to identify people with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We investigated whether organic semi-conducting (OSC) sensors and trained dogs could distinguish between people infected with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, and uninfected individuals, and the impact of screening at ports-of-entry. Odour samples were collected from adults, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status confirmed using RT-PCR. OSC sensors captured the volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of odour samples. Trained dogs were tested in a double-blind trial to determine their ability to detect differences in VOCs between infected and uninfected individuals, with sensitivity and specificity as the primary outcome. Mathematical modelling was used to investigate the impact of bio-detection dogs for screening. About, 3921 adults were enrolled in the study and odour samples collected from 1097 SARS-CoV-2 infected and 2031 uninfected individuals. OSC sensors were able to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and uninfected, with sensitivity from 98% (95% CI 95-100) to 100% and specificity from 99% (95% CI 97-100) to 100%. Six dogs were able to distinguish between samples with sensitivity ranging from 82% (95% CI 76-87) to 94% (95% CI 89-98) and specificity ranging from 76% (95% CI 70-82) to 92% (95% CI 88-96). Mathematical modelling suggests that dog screening plus a confirmatory PCR test could detect up to 89% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, averting up to 2.2 times as much transmission compared to isolation of symptomatic individuals only. People infected with SARS-CoV-2, with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, have a distinct odour that can be identified by sensors and trained dogs with a high degree of accuracy. Odour-based diagnostics using sensors and/or dogs may prove a rapid and effective tool for screening large numbers of people.Trial Registration NCT04509713 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
A rapid, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic screen is needed to identify people with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We investigated whether organic semi-conducting (OSC) sensors and trained dogs could distinguish between people infected with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, and uninfected individuals, and the impact of screening at ports-of-entry.
METHODS
Odour samples were collected from adults, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status confirmed using RT-PCR. OSC sensors captured the volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of odour samples. Trained dogs were tested in a double-blind trial to determine their ability to detect differences in VOCs between infected and uninfected individuals, with sensitivity and specificity as the primary outcome. Mathematical modelling was used to investigate the impact of bio-detection dogs for screening.
RESULTS
About, 3921 adults were enrolled in the study and odour samples collected from 1097 SARS-CoV-2 infected and 2031 uninfected individuals. OSC sensors were able to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and uninfected, with sensitivity from 98% (95% CI 95-100) to 100% and specificity from 99% (95% CI 97-100) to 100%. Six dogs were able to distinguish between samples with sensitivity ranging from 82% (95% CI 76-87) to 94% (95% CI 89-98) and specificity ranging from 76% (95% CI 70-82) to 92% (95% CI 88-96). Mathematical modelling suggests that dog screening plus a confirmatory PCR test could detect up to 89% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, averting up to 2.2 times as much transmission compared to isolation of symptomatic individuals only.
CONCLUSIONS
People infected with SARS-CoV-2, with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, have a distinct odour that can be identified by sensors and trained dogs with a high degree of accuracy. Odour-based diagnostics using sensors and/or dogs may prove a rapid and effective tool for screening large numbers of people.Trial Registration NCT04509713 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Identifiants
pubmed: 35325195
pii: 6553800
doi: 10.1093/jtm/taac043
pmc: PMC9047163
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Volatile Organic Compounds
0
Banques de données
ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT04509713']
Types de publication
Journal Article
Observational Study
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/R010161/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Investigateurs
Robert Jones
(R)
Ana Assis
(A)
Ewan Borthwick
(E)
Laura Caton
(L)
Rachel Edwards
(R)
Janette Heal
(J)
David Hill
(D)
Nazifa Jahan
(N)
Cecelia Johnson
(C)
Angela Kaye
(A)
Emily Kirkpatrick
(E)
Sarah Kisha
(S)
Zaena Ledeatte Williams
(Z)
Robert Moar
(R)
Tolulope Owonibi
(T)
Benjamin Purcell
(B)
Christopher Rixson
(C)
Freya Spencer
(F)
Anastasios Stefanidis
(A)
Sophie Stewart
(S)
Scott Tytheridge
(S)
Sian Wakley
(S)
Shanice Wildman
(S)
Catherine Aziz
(C)
Helen Care
(H)
Emily Curtis
(E)
Claire Dowse
(C)
Alan Makepeace
(A)
Sally-Anne Oultram
(SA)
Jayde Smith
(J)
Fiona Shenton
(F)
Harry Hutchins
(H)
Robert Mart
(R)
Jo-Anne Cartwright
(JA)
Miranda Forsey
(M)
Kerry Goodsell
(K)
Lauren Kittridge
(L)
Anne Nicholson
(A)
Angelo Ramos
(A)
Joanne Ritches
(J)
Niranjan Setty
(N)
Mark Vertue
(M)
Malin Bergstrom
(M)
Zain Chaudhary
(Z)
Angus De Wilton
(A)
Kate Gaskell
(K)
Catherine Houlihan
(C)
Imogen Jones
(I)
Marios Margaritis
(M)
Patricia Miralhes
(P)
Leah Owens
(L)
Tommy Rampling
(T)
Hannah Rickman
(H)
Marta Boffito
(M)
Candida Fernandez
(C)
Bryony Cotterell
(B)
Anne-Marie Guerdette
(AM)
George Tsaknis
(G)
Margaret Turns
(M)
Joanne Walsh
(J)
Lisa Frankland
(L)
Raha West
(R)
Maureen Holland
(M)
Natalie Keenan
(N)
Helen Wassall
(H)
Megan Young
(M)
Jade Rangeley
(J)
Gwendolyn Saalmink
(G)
Sanjay Adlakha
(S)
Philip Buckley
(P)
Lynne Allsop
(L)
Susan Smith
(S)
Donna Sowter
(D)
Alison Campbell
(A)
Julie Jones
(J)
Steve Laird
(S)
Sarah O'Toole
(S)
Courteney Ryan
(C)
Jessica Evans
(J)
James Rand
(J)
Natasha Schumacher
(N)
Tracey Hazelton
(T)
Andrew Dodgson
(A)
Susannah Glasgow
(S)
Denise Kadiu
(D)
Orianne Lopuszansky
(O)
Anu Oommen
(A)
Joshi Prabhu
(J)
Molly Pursell
(M)
Jane Turner
(J)
Hollie Walton
(H)
Robert Andrews
(R)
Irena Cruickshank
(I)
Catherine Thompson
(C)
Tania Wainwright
(T)
Alun Roebuck
(A)
Tara Lawrence
(T)
Kimberley Netherton
(K)
Claire Hewitt
(C)
Sarah Shephardson
(S)
Winston Andrew Crasto
(WA)
Judith Lake
(J)
Rosemary Musanhu
(R)
Rebecca Walker
(R)
Karen Burns
(K)
Andrew Higham
(A)
Julie Le Bas
(J)
Nicola Mackenzie
(N)
Hilary Thatcher
(H)
Shannen Beadle
(S)
Sarah Buckley
(S)
Gail Castle
(G)
Aimee Fletcher
(A)
Sara Holbrook
(S)
Patricia Kane
(P)
Kate Lindley
(K)
Tracey Lowry
(T)
Stephanie Lupton
(S)
Sharon Oddy
(S)
Lynda Slater
(L)
Martin Sylvester
(M)
Kenneth Agwuh
(K)
Veronica Maxwell
(V)
Stephen Ryder
(S)
Kirsty Topham
(K)
Obi Egbuniwe
(O)
Rebecca Matthews
(R)
Alejandro Arenas-Pinto
(A)
Paulina Prymas
(P)
Abigail Severn
(A)
Amber Shaw
(A)
Safia Begum
(S)
Daniel Lenton
(D)
James Scriven
(J)
Lucy Leeman
(L)
Karen Rudge
(K)
Emma Storr
(E)
Ana Alvarez
(A)
Kate Forster
(K)
Daniel Hind
(D)
Natalie Cook
(N)
Rosanna Peeling
(R)
Peter Carey
(P)
Anne Wilson
(A)
Jane Davis
(J)
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society of Travel Medicine.
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