A Breakdown of Immune Tolerance in the Cerebellum.
ataxia
autoimmunity
blood–CSF barrier
blood–brain barrier
cerebellum
immune surveillance
Journal
Brain sciences
ISSN: 2076-3425
Titre abrégé: Brain Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101598646
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
28 Feb 2022
28 Feb 2022
Historique:
received:
27
01
2022
revised:
22
02
2022
accepted:
25
02
2022
entrez:
25
3
2022
pubmed:
26
3
2022
medline:
26
3
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Cerebellar dysfunction can be associated with ataxia, dysarthria, dysmetria, nystagmus and cognitive deficits. While cerebellar dysfunction can be caused by vascular, traumatic, metabolic, genetic, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic events, the cerebellum is also a frequent target of autoimmune attacks. The underlying cause for this vulnerability is unclear, but it may be a result of region-specific differences in blood-brain barrier permeability, the high concentration of neurons in the cerebellum and the presence of autoantigens on Purkinje cells. An autoimmune response targeting the cerebellum-or any structure in the CNS-is typically accompanied by an influx of peripheral immune cells to the brain. Under healthy conditions, the brain is protected from the periphery by the blood-brain barrier, blood-CSF barrier, and blood-leptomeningeal barrier. Entry of immune cells to the brain for immune surveillance occurs only at the blood-CSF barrier and is strictly controlled. A breakdown in the barrier permeability allows peripheral immune cells uncontrolled access to the CNS. Often-particularly in infectious diseases-the autoimmune response develops because of molecular mimicry between the trigger and a host protein. In this review, we discuss the immune surveillance of the CNS in health and disease and also discuss specific examples of autoimmunity affecting the cerebellum.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35326284
pii: brainsci12030328
doi: 10.3390/brainsci12030328
pmc: PMC8946792
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
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