Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering.

Journal

Physical review letters
ISSN: 1079-7114
Titre abrégé: Phys Rev Lett
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401141

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
11 Mar 2022
Historique:
received: 22 03 2021
revised: 06 11 2021
accepted: 31 01 2022
entrez: 25 3 2022
pubmed: 26 3 2022
medline: 26 3 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q^{2}) up to 15.75  (GeV/c)^{2}. Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q^{2} and double the range over which a longitudinal or transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q^{2} and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8  (GeV/c)^{2} the range of Q^{2} for which a discrepancy is established at >95% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q^{2}.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.102002 PMID: 35333083
pubmed: 35333083
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.102002
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

102002

Auteurs

M E Christy (ME)

Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA.

T Gautam (T)

Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA.

L Ou (L)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

B Schmookler (B)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Y Wang (Y)

William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA.

D Adikaram (D)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

Z Ahmed (Z)

University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada.

H Albataineh (H)

Texas A & M University, Kingsville, Texas 77843, USA.

S F Ali (SF)

Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA.

B Aljawrneh (B)

North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA.
Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan.

K Allada (K)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

S L Allison (SL)

Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.

S Alsalmi (S)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA.

D Androic (D)

University of Zagreb, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.

K Aniol (K)

California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA.

J Annand (J)

SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

J Arrington (J)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.

H Atac (H)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.

T Averett (T)

William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA.

C Ayerbe Gayoso (C)

William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA.

X Bai (X)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

J Bane (J)

University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.

S Barcus (S)

William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA.

K Bartlett (K)

William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA.

V Bellini (V)

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Department of Physics and Astronomy, I-95123 Catania, Italy.

R Beminiwattha (R)

Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244, USA.

J Bericic (J)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

H Bhatt (H)

Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA.

D Bhetuwal (D)

Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA.

D Biswas (D)

Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA.

E Brash (E)

Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

D Bulumulla (D)

Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.

C M Camacho (CM)

Institut de Physique Nucleaire, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, 91400 Orsay, France.

J Campbell (J)

Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia NS B3H 4R2, Canada.

A Camsonne (A)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

M Carmignotto (M)

Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.

J Castellanos (J)

Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA.

C Chen (C)

Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA.

J-P Chen (JP)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

T Chetry (T)

Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

E Cisbani (E)

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Roma, Italy.

B Clary (B)

University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.

E Cohen (E)

Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 69978, Israel.

N Compton (N)

Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

J C Cornejo (JC)

William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA.
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

S Covrig Dusa (S)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

B Crowe (B)

North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA.

S Danagoulian (S)

North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA.

T Danley (T)

Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

W Deconinck (W)

William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA.

M Defurne (M)

CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

C Desnault (C)

Institut de Physique Nucleaire, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, 91400 Orsay, France.

D Di (D)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

M Dlamini (M)

Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

M Duer (M)

Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 69978, Israel.

B Duran (B)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.

R Ent (R)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

C Fanelli (C)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

E Fuchey (E)

University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.

C Gal (C)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

D Gaskell (D)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

F Georges (F)

Ecole Centrale Paris, 3 Rue Joliot Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

S Gilad (S)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

O Glamazdin (O)

Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine.

K Gnanvo (K)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

A V Gramolin (AV)

Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

V M Gray (VM)

William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA.

C Gu (C)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

A Habarakada (A)

Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA.

T Hague (T)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA.

G Hamad (G)

Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

D Hamilton (D)

SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

K Hamilton (K)

SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

O Hansen (O)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

F Hauenstein (F)

Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.

A V Hernandez (AV)

Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.

W Henry (W)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.

D W Higinbotham (DW)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

T Holmstrom (T)

Randolph Macon College, Ashland, Virginia 23005, USA.

T Horn (T)

Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.

Y Huang (Y)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

G M Huber (GM)

University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada.

C Hyde (C)

Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.

H Ibrahim (H)

Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt.

N Israel (N)

Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

C-M Jen (CM)

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 234061, USA.

K Jin (K)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

M Jones (M)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

A Kabir (A)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA.

B Karki (B)

Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

C Keppel (C)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

V Khachatryan (V)

Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA.
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.

P M King (PM)

Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

S Li (S)

University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA.

W Li (W)

University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada.

H Liu (H)

Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

J Liu (J)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

A H Liyanage (AH)

Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA.

D Mack (D)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

J Magee (J)

William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA.

S Malace (S)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

J Mammei (J)

University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.

P Markowitz (P)

Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA.

S Mayilyan (S)

AANL, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia.

E McClellan (E)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

F Meddi (F)

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Roma, Italy.

D Meekins (D)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

K Mesick (K)

Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA.

R Michaels (R)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

A Mkrtchyan (A)

Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.

B Moffit (B)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

R Montgomery (R)

SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

L S Myers (LS)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

P Nadel-Turonski (P)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

S J Nazeer (SJ)

Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA.

V Nelyubin (V)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

D Nguyen (D)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

N Nuruzzaman (N)

Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA.

M Nycz (M)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA.

R F Obrecht (RF)

University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.

K Ohanyan (K)

AANL, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia.

C Palatchi (C)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

B Pandey (B)

Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA.

K Park (K)

Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.

S Park (S)

Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA.

C Peng (C)

Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.

F D Persio (FD)

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Roma, Italy.

R Pomatsalyuk (R)

Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine.

E Pooser (E)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

A J R Puckett (AJR)

University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.

V Punjabi (V)

Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA.

B Quinn (B)

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

S Rahman (S)

University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.

M N H Rashad (MNH)

Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.

P E Reimer (PE)

Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.

S Riordan (S)

Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA.

J Roche (J)

Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

I Sapkota (I)

Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.

A Sarty (A)

Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada.

B Sawatzky (B)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

N H Saylor (NH)

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.

M H Shabestari (MH)

Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA.

A Shahinyan (A)

AANL, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia.

S Širca (S)

Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

G R Smith (GR)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

S Sooriyaarachchilage (S)

Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA.

N Sparveris (N)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.

R Spies (R)

University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.

A Stefanko (A)

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

T Su (T)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA.

A Subedi (A)

Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA.

V Sulkosky (V)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

A Sun (A)

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

Y Tan (Y)

Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250100, China.

L Thorne (L)

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

N Ton (N)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

F Tortorici (F)

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Department of Physics and Astronomy, I-95123 Catania, Italy.

R Trotta (R)

Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA.

R Uniyal (R)

Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.

G M Urciuoli (GM)

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Roma, Italy.

E Voutier (E)

Institut de Physique Nucleaire, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, 91400 Orsay, France.

B Waidyawansa (B)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

B Wojtsekhowski (B)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

S Wood (S)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

X Yan (X)

Huangshan University, 44 Daizhen Road, Tunxi District, Huangshan, Anhui Province, China.

L Ye (L)

Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA.

Z H Ye (ZH)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.
Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China.

C Yero (C)

Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA.

J Zhang (J)

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA.

Y X Zhao (YX)

Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA.

P Zhu (P)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Classifications MeSH