Relationship between blood cadmium and abdominal aortic calcification: NHANES 2013-2014.
Abdominal aortic calcification
Blood cadmium
Cross-sectional study
NHANES
Public health
Smoking
Journal
Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
ISSN: 1878-3252
Titre abrégé: J Trace Elem Med Biol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9508274
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2022
Jul 2022
Historique:
received:
04
12
2021
revised:
27
02
2022
accepted:
17
03
2022
pubmed:
29
3
2022
medline:
7
6
2022
entrez:
28
3
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Cadmium is a common toxic heavy metal in the environment and can cause irreversible damage to the human body. It is well established that cadmium has direct cardiovascular toxicity, but the relationship between cadmium exposure and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is not clear. This was a cross-sectional study that aimed to assess the relationship between blood cadmium (B-Cd) and AAC in U.S. adults ≥ 40 years old. We obtained data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The AAC score was quantified by the Kauppila score system, whereas severe AAC was defined as an AAC score ≥ 6. We performed multivariate regressions, correlated subgroup analyses, and interaction terms to evaluate the relationship between B-Cd and AAC score and severe AAC. For 1530 enrolled participants, the mean AAC score was 1.52 ± 3.32, and the prevalence of severe AAC was 8.95%. Participants with higher B-Cd levels showed higher AAC scores (β = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.70, P = 0.0323) and an increased risk of severe AAC (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.56, P = 0.0432). However, these associations were weakened after adjusting for serum cotinine to define smoking exposure. Subgroup analyses and correlated interaction terms indicated that the relationship between B-Cd and AAC was generally similar in different population settings, except for males, nonsmokers, and participants with a normal body mass index (BMI). The interaction terms indicated that smoking exposure status defined by serum cotinine interacted with the relationship between B-Cd and AAC condition (P for interaction=0.0413). There might be positive associations between B-Cd levels and AAC scores and the risk of severe AAC, while these associations were partially explained by smoking exposure. However, more well-designed studies are still needed to validate this relationship.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Cadmium is a common toxic heavy metal in the environment and can cause irreversible damage to the human body. It is well established that cadmium has direct cardiovascular toxicity, but the relationship between cadmium exposure and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is not clear.
METHODS
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study that aimed to assess the relationship between blood cadmium (B-Cd) and AAC in U.S. adults ≥ 40 years old. We obtained data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The AAC score was quantified by the Kauppila score system, whereas severe AAC was defined as an AAC score ≥ 6. We performed multivariate regressions, correlated subgroup analyses, and interaction terms to evaluate the relationship between B-Cd and AAC score and severe AAC.
RESULTS
RESULTS
For 1530 enrolled participants, the mean AAC score was 1.52 ± 3.32, and the prevalence of severe AAC was 8.95%. Participants with higher B-Cd levels showed higher AAC scores (β = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.70, P = 0.0323) and an increased risk of severe AAC (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.56, P = 0.0432). However, these associations were weakened after adjusting for serum cotinine to define smoking exposure. Subgroup analyses and correlated interaction terms indicated that the relationship between B-Cd and AAC was generally similar in different population settings, except for males, nonsmokers, and participants with a normal body mass index (BMI). The interaction terms indicated that smoking exposure status defined by serum cotinine interacted with the relationship between B-Cd and AAC condition (P for interaction=0.0413).
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
There might be positive associations between B-Cd levels and AAC scores and the risk of severe AAC, while these associations were partially explained by smoking exposure. However, more well-designed studies are still needed to validate this relationship.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35344900
pii: S0946-672X(22)00055-4
doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126975
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Cadmium
00BH33GNGH
Cotinine
K5161X06LL
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
126975Informations de copyright
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