Memory decline in older individuals predicts an objective indicator of oral health: findings from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study.
Cognitive decline
Cognitive function
Oral health deterioration
Salivary pH
Journal
BMC oral health
ISSN: 1472-6831
Titre abrégé: BMC Oral Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101088684
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
27 03 2022
27 03 2022
Historique:
received:
29
09
2021
accepted:
17
03
2022
entrez:
29
3
2022
pubmed:
30
3
2022
medline:
5
4
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Growing evidence suggests that there is an association between poor oral health and cognitive function in late adulthood. However, most studies to date have relied on cross-sectional research methods that do not permit inferences about the temporality of any association. Moreover, the few longitudinal studies that do exist have typically relied on small samples and quite limited cognitive or oral health assessments. The aim of the present study was therefore designed to provide the first direct evaluation of whether cognitive function is predictive of poor oral health in older adults. This longitudinal research included data from 339 participants aged 70 years or older from The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS), a large cohort of healthy community-dwelling older adults. Cognitive function was assessed using a battery of tests at baseline (Wave 1) in 2005 and six years later (Wave 4) in 2011. In 2015 (Wave 6), participants were assessed for oral health using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), number of functional occluding pairs of natural teeth and sublingual resting saliva pH (SRSpH). Ordinal least squares regression analysis was used to model the effect of cognitive function on total OHAT score, and binomial logistic regression used for SRSpH and occluding pairs of functional teeth. Two models were tested. In the partially adjusted model, age, gender and years of education were included. The fully adjusted model additionally included medical conditions, general health, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, functionality, and dental care utilization. The key finding to emerge was that a six-year change in memory (from Wave 1 to Wave 4) was associated with lower sublingual resting saliva pH at Wave 6 in partially (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.65) and fully adjusted model (OR = 0.63). This longitudinal study provides further evidence that a relationship between cognitive function and oral health exists, and also points to this relationship potentially being bi-directional, as previous evidence suggests. The findings from the study also suggest that older adults who present with greater than normal memory decline at an earlier point in life were more likely to experience poor oral health when this was evaluated at a later time-point, four years later.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Growing evidence suggests that there is an association between poor oral health and cognitive function in late adulthood. However, most studies to date have relied on cross-sectional research methods that do not permit inferences about the temporality of any association. Moreover, the few longitudinal studies that do exist have typically relied on small samples and quite limited cognitive or oral health assessments. The aim of the present study was therefore designed to provide the first direct evaluation of whether cognitive function is predictive of poor oral health in older adults.
METHODS
This longitudinal research included data from 339 participants aged 70 years or older from The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS), a large cohort of healthy community-dwelling older adults. Cognitive function was assessed using a battery of tests at baseline (Wave 1) in 2005 and six years later (Wave 4) in 2011. In 2015 (Wave 6), participants were assessed for oral health using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), number of functional occluding pairs of natural teeth and sublingual resting saliva pH (SRSpH). Ordinal least squares regression analysis was used to model the effect of cognitive function on total OHAT score, and binomial logistic regression used for SRSpH and occluding pairs of functional teeth.
RESULTS
Two models were tested. In the partially adjusted model, age, gender and years of education were included. The fully adjusted model additionally included medical conditions, general health, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, functionality, and dental care utilization. The key finding to emerge was that a six-year change in memory (from Wave 1 to Wave 4) was associated with lower sublingual resting saliva pH at Wave 6 in partially (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.65) and fully adjusted model (OR = 0.63).
CONCLUSIONS
This longitudinal study provides further evidence that a relationship between cognitive function and oral health exists, and also points to this relationship potentially being bi-directional, as previous evidence suggests. The findings from the study also suggest that older adults who present with greater than normal memory decline at an earlier point in life were more likely to experience poor oral health when this was evaluated at a later time-point, four years later.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35346157
doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02128-y
pii: 10.1186/s12903-022-02128-y
pmc: PMC8962025
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
93Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
Références
J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013 Jul;17(4):461-5
pubmed: 24174725
Nutrients. 2019 Nov 29;11(12):
pubmed: 31795351
Lancet. 2015 Feb 7;385(9967):484-6
pubmed: 25468156
J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2020 Dec 14;4(1):501-511
pubmed: 33532698
Psychosom Med. 2013 Feb;75(2):178-86
pubmed: 23324876
Brain Imaging Behav. 2019 Jun;13(3):750-761
pubmed: 29802601
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013 Sep;16(3):716-28
pubmed: 24896284
Singapore Dent J. 2014 Dec;35C:3-8
pubmed: 25496579
J Psychiatr Res. 1982-1983;17(1):37-49
pubmed: 7183759
Gerodontology. 2015 Mar;32(1):53-61
pubmed: 23758583
J Public Health Dent. 2002 Spring;62(2):122-8
pubmed: 11989207
Scientifica (Cairo). 2016;2016:5027283
pubmed: 27051556
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990 Sep;38(9):999-1007
pubmed: 2212455
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016 Apr;64(4):739-51
pubmed: 27037761
Int Psychogeriatr. 2010 Dec;22(8):1248-64
pubmed: 20637138
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007 Jun;18 Suppl 3:34-45
pubmed: 17594368
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2020 Mar;33(2):156-162
pubmed: 31895157
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2019 Jun;47(3):259-266
pubmed: 30838683
Gerodontology. 1993 Dec;10(2):76-82
pubmed: 7713530
Gerontologist. 1969 Autumn;9(3):179-86
pubmed: 5349366
Diseases. 2018 Jul 20;6(3):
pubmed: 30036957
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003 Dec;31 Suppl 1:3-23
pubmed: 15015736
BMC Geriatr. 2021 Apr 14;21(1):245
pubmed: 33853530
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 1998;9 Suppl 2:20-6
pubmed: 9718231
Gerodontology. 2017 Dec;34(4):469-478
pubmed: 28836301
Am J Public Health. 2007 Dec;97(12):2216-21
pubmed: 17971546
Front Neurol. 2019 Apr 24;10:323
pubmed: 31105630
BMC Oral Health. 2019 Jan 17;19(1):21
pubmed: 30654791
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017 May 1;18(5):388-395
pubmed: 28043804
J Gerontol Nurs. 2016 May 1;42(5):30-7
pubmed: 26716459
J Am Dent Assoc. 2009 Nov;140(11):1392-400
pubmed: 19884398
Int Dent J. 2004 Dec;54(6 Suppl 1):329-43
pubmed: 15631094
Front Aging Neurosci. 2018 Jan 30;10:10
pubmed: 29441011
Glob Heart. 2020 Feb 03;15(1):1
pubmed: 32489774
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Dec;58(12):2300-7
pubmed: 21143439
Aust Dent J. 2005 Sep;50(3):191-9
pubmed: 16238218
Lancet. 2020 Aug 8;396(10248):413-446
pubmed: 32738937
Arch Oral Biol. 1983;28(7):575-81
pubmed: 6579891
Gerodontology. 2002 Dec;19(2):80-94
pubmed: 12542217
J Dent. 2019 Jan;80 Suppl 1:S3-S12
pubmed: 30696553
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994 Jan;42(1):57-63
pubmed: 8277117
Gerontology. 2019;65(6):659-672
pubmed: 30904915