Adolescents and young adults differ in their neural response to and recognition of adolescent and adult emotional faces.
adolescents
adults
ambiguous
emotion
event-related potential
faces
late positive potential
Journal
Psychophysiology
ISSN: 1540-5958
Titre abrégé: Psychophysiology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0142657
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2022
09 2022
Historique:
revised:
25
02
2022
received:
23
06
2021
accepted:
11
03
2022
pubmed:
1
4
2022
medline:
3
8
2022
entrez:
31
3
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Peer relationships become increasingly important during adolescence. The success of these relationships may rely on the ability to attend to and decode subtle or ambiguous emotional expressions that are common in social interactions. However, most studies examining youths' processing and labeling of facial emotion have employed adult faces and faces that depict emotional extremes as stimuli. In this study, 40 adolescents and 40 young adults viewed blends of angry-neutral, fearful-neutral, and happy-neutral faces (e.g., 100% angry, 66% angry, 33% angry, neutral) portrayed by adolescent and adult actors as electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Participants also labeled these faces according to the emotion expressed (i.e., angry, fearful, happy, or neutral). The Late Positive Potential (LPP), an event-related potential (ERP) component that reflects sustained attention to motivationally salient information, was scored from the EEG following face presentation. Among adolescents, as peer-age faces moved from ambiguous (33%) to unambiguous (100%) emotional expression, the LPP similarly increased. These effects were not found when adolescents viewed emotional face blends portrayed by adult actors. Additionally, while both adolescents and young adults showed greater emotion labeling accuracy as faces increased in emotional intensity from ambiguous to unambiguous emotional expression, adolescent participants did not show greater accuracy when labeling peer-compared to adult-age faces. Together, these data suggest that adolescents attend more to subtle differences in peer-age emotional faces, but they do not label these emotional expressions more accurately than adults.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e14060Informations de copyright
© 2022 Society for Psychophysiological Research.
Références
Adolphs, R. (2002a). Neural systems for recognizing emotion. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 12(2), 169-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00301-x
Adolphs, R. (2002b). Recognizing emotion from facial expressions: Psychological and neurological mechanisms. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 1(1), 21-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534582302001001003
Auerbach, R. P., Bondy, E., Stanton, C. H., Webb, C. A., Shankman, S. A., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2016). Self-referential processing in adolescents: Stability of behavioral and ERP markers. Psychophysiology, 53(9), 1398-1406. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12686
Bauer, E. A., MacNamara, A., Sandre, A., Lonsdorf, T. B., Weinberg, A., Morriss, J., & van Reekum, C. M. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and threat generalization: A replication and extension. Psychophysiology, 57(5). e13546. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13546
Bluntschli, J. R., Maxfield, M., Grasso, R. L., & Kisley, M. A. (2015). The last word: A comparison of younger and older adults' brain responses to reminders of death. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 73(4), 555-563. https://doi.org/10.1037/e514472015-528
Brechwald, W. A., & Prinstein, M. J. (2011). Beyond homophily: A decade of advances in understanding peer influence processes. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(1), 166-179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00721.x
Brosch, T., Pourtois, G., & Sander, D. (2010). The perception and categorisation of emotional stimuli: A review. Cognition & Emotion, 24(3), 377-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930902975754
Brown, B. B., Larson, J. (2009). Peer relationships in adolescents. In Steinberg, R. M. L. (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology, Contextual influences on adolescent development (Vol. 2, 3rd ed., pp. 74-103). John Wiley & Sons.
Brown, B. B. (2004). Adolescents' relationships with peers. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (pp. 363-394). John Wiley & Sons Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780471726746
Bublatzky, F., Kavcıoğlu, F., Guerra, P., Doll, S., & Junghöfer, M. (2020). Contextual information resolves uncertainty about ambiguous facial emotions: Behavioral and magnetoencephalographic correlates. NeuroImage, 215, 116814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116814
Bunford, N., Kujawa, A., Fitzgerald, K. D., Monk, C. S., & Phan, K. L. (2018). Convergence of BOLD and ERP measures of neural reactivity to emotional faces in children and adolescents with and without anxiety disorders. Biological Psychology, 134, 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.02.006
Bunford, N., Kujawa, A., Swain, J. E., Fitzgerald, K. D., Monk, C. S., & Phan, K. L. (2017). Attenuated neural reactivity to happy faces is associated with rule breaking and social problems in anxious youth. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(2), 215-230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0883-9
Burnett, S., Sebastian, C., Kadosh, K. C., & Blakemore, S. J. (2011). The social brain in adolescence: Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioural studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(8), 1654-1664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.10.011
Calvo, M. G., Gutiérrez-García, A., Fernández-Martín, A., & Nummenmaa, L. (2014). Recognition of facial expressions of emotion is related to their frequency in everyday life. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 38(4), 549-567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-014-0191-3
Camras, L. A., & Allison, K. (1985). Children’s understanding of emotional facial expressions and verbal labels. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 9(2), 84-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00987140
Casey, B. J., Getz, S., & Galvan, A. (2008). The adolescent brain. Developmental Review, 28(1), 62-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.003
Codispoti, M., Ferrari, V., & Bradley, M. M. (2007). Repetition and event-related potentials: Distinguishing early and late processes in affective picture perception. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(4), 577-586. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.4.577
Collin, L., Bindra, J., Raju, M., Gillberg, C., & Minnis, H. (2013). Facial emotion recognition in child psychiatry: A systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(5), 1505-1520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.01.008
Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 74-101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74
Crone, E. A., & Dahl, R. E. (2012). Understanding adolescence as a period of social-affective engagement and goal flexibility. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(9), 636-650. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3313
Cservenka, A., Fair, D. A., & Nagel, B. J. (2014). Emotional processing and brain activity in youth at high risk for alcoholism. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 38(7), 1912-1923. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12435
Cuthbert, B. N., Schupp, H. T., Bradley, M. M., Birbaumer, N., & Lang, P. J. (2000). Brain potentials in affective picture processing: Covariation with autonomic arousal and affective report. Biological Psychology, 52(2), 95-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0511(99)00044-7
Dan, O., & Raz, S. (2018). Response patterns to emotional faces among adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 22(12), 1123-1130. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715606215
DeBoer, T., Scott, L. S., & Nelson, C. A. (2005). Event-related potentials in developmental populations. In T. C. Handy (Ed.), Methodological handbook for research using event-related potentials (pp. 263-297). The MIT Press.
Del Piero, L. B., Saxbe, D. E., & Margolin, G. (2016). Basic emotion processing and the adolescent brain: Task demands, analytic approaches, and trajectories of changes. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 174-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2016.03.005
Delaney-Busch, N., Wilkie, G., & Kuperberg, G. (2016). Vivid: How valence and arousal influence word processing under different task demands. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 16(3), 415-432. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-016-0402-y
Dols, J. M. F., & Russell, J. A. (2017). The science of facial expression. Oxford Scholarship Online. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.001.0001
Duval, E. R., Moser, J. S., Huppert, J. D., & Simons, R. F. (2013). What’s in a face?: The late positive potential reflects the level of facial affect expression. Journal of Psychophysiology, 27(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000083
Egger, H. L., Pine, D. S., Nelson, E., Leibenluft, E., Ernst, M., Towbin, K. E., & Angold, A. (2011). The NIMH child emotional faces picture set (NIMH-ChEFS): A new set of children’s facial emotion stimuli. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 20(3), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.343
Flannery, J. E., Giuliani, N. R., Flournoy, J. C., & Pfeifer, J. H. (2017). Neurodevelopmental changes across adolescence in viewing and labeling dynamic peer emotions. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 25, 113-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2017.02.003
Fölster, M., & Werheid, K. (2016). ERP evidence for own-age effects on late stages of processing sad faces. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 16(4), 635-645. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-016-0420-9
Foti, D., & Hajcak, G. (2008). Deconstructing reappraisal: Descriptions preceding arousing pictures modulate the subsequent neural response. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(6), 977-988. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20066
Foti, D., Hajcak, G., & Dien, J. (2009). Differentiating neural responses to emotional pictures: Evidence from temporal-spatial PCA. Psychophysiology, 46(3), 521-530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00796.x
Freeman, C., Dirks, M., & Weinberg, A. (2020). Neural response to rewards predicts risk-taking in late but not early adolescent females. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100808
Fridlund, A. J. (1994). Human facial expression: An evolutionary view. Academic Press.
Frith, C., & Frith, U. (2008). Implicit and explicit processes in social cognition. Neuron, 60(3), 503-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.032
Frith, U., & Frith, C. (2010). The social brain: Allowing humans to boldly go where no other species has been. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1537), 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0160
Frühholz, S., Jellinghaus, A., & Herrmann, M. (2011). Time course of implicit processing and explicit processing of emotional faces and emotional words. Biological Psychology, 87(2), 265-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.03.008
Gao, X., & Maurer, D. (2009). Influence of intensity on children’s sensitivity to happy, sad, and fearful facial expressions. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 102(4), 503-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2008.11.002
Gao, X., & Maurer, D. (2010). A happy story: Developmental changes in children’s sensitivity to facial expressions of varying intensities. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 107(2), 67-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2010.05.003
Gibb, B. E., Schofield, C. A., & Coles, M. E. (2009). Reported history of childhood abuse and young adults' information-processing biases for facial displays of emotion. Child Maltreatment, 14(2), 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559508326358
Gross, A. L., & Ballif, B. (1991). Children’s understanding of emotion from facial expressions and situations: A review. Developmental Review, 11(4), 368-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(91)90019-k
Guyer, A. E., Monk, C. S., McClure-Tone, E. B., Nelson, E. E., Roberson-Nay, R., Adler, A. D., Fromm, S. J., Leibenluft, E., Pine, D. S., & Ernst, M. (2008). A developmental examination of amygdala response to facial expressions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(9), 1565-1582. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20114
Hajcak, G., Macnamara, A., & Olvet, D. M. (2010). Event-related potentials, emotion, and emotion regulation: An integrative review. Developmental Neuropsychology, 35(2), 129-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/87565640903526504
Hajcak, G., & Olvet, D. M. (2008). The persistence of attention to emotion: Brain potentials during and after picture presentation. Emotion, 8(2), 250-255. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.8.2.250
Halberstadt, A. G., Denham, S. A., & Dunsmore, J. C. (2001). Affective social competence. Social Development, 10(1), 79-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00150
Hankin, B. L., Gibb, B. E., Abela, J. R. Z., & Flory, K. (2010). Selective attention to affective stimuli and clinical depression among youths: Role of anxiety and specificity of emotion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119(3), 491-501. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019609
Hare, T. A., Tottenham, N., Galvan, A., Voss, H. U., Glover, G. H., & Casey, B. J. (2008). Biological substrates of emotional reactivity and regulation in adolescence during an emotional go-nogo task. Biological Psychiatry, 63(10), 927-934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.015
Harrigan, J. A. (1984). The effects of task order on children’s identification of facial expressions. Motivation and Emotion, 8(2), 157-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00993071
Hassin, R. R., Aviezer, H., & Bentin, S. (2013). Inherently ambiguous: Facial expressions of emotions, in context. Emotion Review, 5(1), 60-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912451331
Haviland, J. M., & Lelwica, M. (1987). The induced affect response: 10-week-old infants' responses to three emotion expressions. Developmental Psychology, 23(1), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.23.1.97
Herba, C., Landau, S., Russell, T., Ecker, C., & Phillips, M. L. (2006). The development of emotion-processing in children: Effects of age, emotion, and intensity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(11), 1098-1106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01652.x
Herba, C., & Phillips, M. (2004). Annotation: Development of facial expression recognition from childhood to adolescence: Behavioural and neurological perspectives. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1185-1198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00316.x
Horndasch, S., Kratz, O., Van Doren, J., Graap, H., Kramer, R., Moll, G. H., & Heinrich, H. (2018). Cue reactivity towards bodies in anorexia nervosa-common and differential effects in adolescents and adults. Psychological Medicine, 48(3), 508-518. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717001994
Hua, M., Han, Z. R., Chen, S., Yang, M., Zhou, R., & Hu, S. (2014). Late positive potential (LPP) modulation during affective picture processing in preschoolers. Biological Psychology, 101, 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.06.006
Izard, C., Fine, S., Schultz, D., Mostow, A., Ackerman, B., & Youngstrom, E. (2001). Emotion knowledge as a predictor of social behavior and academic competence in children at risk. Psychological Science, 12(1), 18-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00304
Jacobs, R. H., Pine, D. S., Schoeny, M. E., Henry, D. B., Gollan, J. K., Moy, G., Cook, E. H., & Wakschlag, L. S. (2011). Maternal depressive history, teen 5HTTLPR genotype, and the processing of emotional faces: Exploring mechanisms of risk. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 80-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.004
Kavcıoğlu, F. C., Bublatzky, F., Pittig, A., & Alpers, G. W. (2021). Instructed threat enhances threat perception in faces. Emotion, 21(2), 419-429. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000708
Kessler, R. C., Amminger, G. P., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Lee, S., & Ustun, T. B. (2007). Age of onset of mental disorders: A review of recent literature. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 20(4), 359-364. https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0b013e32816ebc8c
Kestenbaum, R., & Nelson, C. A. (1992). Neural and behavioral correlates of emotion recognition in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 54(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(92)90014-w
Klawohn, J., Meyer, A., Weinberg, A., & Hajcak, G. (2020). Methodological choices in event-related potential (ERP) research and their impact on internal consistency reliability and individual differences: An examination of the error-related negativity (ERN) and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129(1), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000458
Klomek, A. B., Marrocco, F., Kleinman, M., Schonfeld, I. S., & Gould, M. S. (2007). Bullying, depression, and suicidality in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000242237.84925.18
Kolb, B., Wilson, B., & Taylor, L. (1992). Developmental changes in the recognition and comprehension of facial expression: Implications for frontal lobe function. Brain and Cognition, 20(1), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-2626(92)90062-q
Kujawa, A., Klein, D. N., & Hajcak, G. (2012). Electrocortical reactivity to emotional images and faces in middle childhood to early adolescence. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2(4), 458-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2012.03.005
Kujawa, A., Klein, D. N., & Proudfit, G. H. (2013). Two-year stability of the late positive potential across middle childhood and adolescence. Biological Psychology, 94(2), 290-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.07.002
Ladouceur, C. D. (2012). Neural systems supporting cognitive-affective interactions in adolescence: The role of puberty and implications for affective disorders. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00065
Ladouceur, C. D., Dahl, R. E., Williamson, D. E., Birmaher, B., Axelson, D. A., Ryan, N. D., & Casey, B. J. (2006). Processing emotional facial expressions influences performance on a go/NoGo task in pediatric anxiety and depression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(11), 1107-1115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01640.x
Laird, R. D., Jordan, K. Y., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2001). Peer rejection in childhood, involvement with antisocial peers in early adolescence, and the development of externalizing behavior problems. Development and Psychopathology, 13(2), 337-354. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579401002085
Lam, C. B., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (2014). Time with peers from middle childhood to late adolescence: Developmental course and adjustment correlates. Child Development, 85(4), 1677-1693. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12235
Larson, R., & Richards, M. H. (1991). Daily companionship in late childhood and early adolescence: Changing developmental contexts. Child Development, 62(2), 284-300. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131003
Lawrence, K., Campbell, R., & Skuse, D. (2015). Age, gender, and puberty influence the development of facial emotion recognition. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 761. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00761
Lee, T.-H., Perino, M. T., McElwain, N. L., & Telzer, E. H. (2019). Perceiving facial affective ambiguity: A behavioral and neural comparison of adolescents and adults. Emotion, 20(3), 501-506. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000558
Lemerise, E. A., & Arsenio, W. F. (2000). An integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing. Child Development, 71(1), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00124
Leppänen, J. M., & Nelson, C. A. (2009). Tuning the developing brain to social signals of emotions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(1), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2554
Liu, Y., Huang, H., McGinnis-Deweese, M., Keil, A., & Ding, M. (2012). Neural substrate of the late positive potential in emotional processing. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(42), 14563-14572. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3109-12.2012
Lopez-Duran, N. L., Kuhlman, K. R., George, C., & Kovacs, M. (2013). Facial emotion expression recognition by children at familial risk for depression: High-risk boys are oversensitive to sadness. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(5), 565-574. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12005
Lundqvist, D., Flykt, A., & Öhman, A. (1998). The Karolinska directed emotional faces-KDEF [CDROM]. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology section, Karolinska Institute.
MacNamara, A., Jackson, T. B., Fitzgerald, J. M., Hajcak, G., & Phan, K. L. (2019). Working memory load and negative picture processing: Neural and behavioral associations with panic, social anxiety, and positive affect. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 4(2), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.04.005
MacNamara, A., Vergés, A., Kujawa, A., Fitzgerald, K. D., Monk, C. S., & Phan, K. L. (2016). Age-related changes in emotional face processing across childhood and into young adulthood: Evidence from event-related potentials. Developmental Psychobiology, 58(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21341
Marusak, H. A., Carré, J. M., & Thomason, M. E. (2013). The stimuli drive the response: An fMRI study of youth processing adult or child emotional face stimuli. NeuroImage, 83, 679-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.002
Mauchly, J. W. (1940). Significance test for sphericity of a normal n-variate distribution. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 11(2), 204-209. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177731915
McClure, E. B. (2000). A meta-analytic review of sex differences in facial expression processing and their development in infants, children, and adolescents. Psychological Bulletin, 126(3), 424-453. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.424
Meyer, A., Bress, J. N., & Proudfit, G. H. (2014). Psychometric properties of the error-related negativity in children and adolescents. Psychophysiology, 51(7), 602-610. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12208
Miller, G. A., Gration, G., & Yee, C. M. (1988). Generalized Implementation of an Eye Movement Correction Procedure. Psychophysiology, 25(2), 241-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00999.x
Monk, C. S., McClure, E. B., Nelson, E. E., Zarahn, E., Bilder, R. M., Leibenluft, E., Charney, D. S., Ernst, M., & Pine, D. S. (2003). Adolescent immaturity in attention-related brain engagement to emotional facial expressions. NeuroImage, 20(1), 420-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00355-0
Montague, D. P. F., & Walker-Andrews, A. S. (2001). Peekaboo: A new look at infants' perception of emotion expressions. Developmental Psychology, 37(6), 826-838. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.37.6.826
Moran, T. P., Jendrusina, A. A., & Moser, J. S. (2013). The psychometric properties of the late positive potential during emotion processing and regulation. Brain Research, 1516, 66-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.018
Morningstar, M., Grannis, C., Mattson, W. I., & Nelson, E. (2019). Associations between adolescents' social re-orientation towards peers over caregivers and neural response to teenage faces. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 13, 108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00108
Morningstar, M., Ly, V. Y., Feldman, L., & Dirks, M. A. (2018). Mid-adolescents' and adults' recognition of vocal cues of emotion and social intent: Differences by expression and speaker age. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 42(2), 237-251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-0180274-7
Morningstar, M., Mattson, W. I., Singer, S., Jr., Venticinque, J. S., & Nelson, E. E. (2020). Children and adolescents' neural response to emotional faces and voices: Age-related changes in common regions of activation. Social Neuroscience, 15(6), 613-629. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2020.1832572
Mulligan, E. M., Infantolino, Z. P., Klein, D. N., & Hajcak, G. (2020). Developmental trajectory of the late positive potential: Using temporal-spatial PCA to characterize within-subject developmental changes in emotional processing. Psychophysiology, 57(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13478
Nelson, E. E., & Guyer, A. E. (2011). The development of the ventral prefrontal cortex and social flexibility. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 1(3), 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2011.01.002
Nelson, E. E., Leibenluft, E., McClure, E. B., & Pine, D. S. (2005). The social re-orientation of adolescence: A neuroscience perspective on the process and its relation to psychopathology. Psychological Medicine, 35(2), 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704003915
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Odom, R. D., & Lemond, C. M. (1972). Developmental differences in the perception and production of facial expressions. Child Development, 43(2), 359-369. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127541
Panier, L. Y. X., Ethridge, P., Punturieri, C., Farrell-Reeves, A., Dirks, M. A., & Weinberg, A. (2022). Associations between peer victimization and distinct neural responses to acceptance and rejection in early adolescence. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Parker, J. G., Rubin, K. H., Erath, S. A., Wojslawowicz, J. C., & Buskirk, A. A. (2006). Peer relationships, child development, and adjustment. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Theory and method (pp. 419-493). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Pastor, M. C., Bradley, M. M., Löw, A., Versace, F., Moltó, J., & Lang, P. J. (2008). Affective picture perception: Emotion, context, and the late positive potential. Brain Research, 1189, 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.072
Pfeifer, J. H., & Allen, N. B. (2012). Arrested development? Reconsidering dual-systems models of brain function in adolescence and disorders. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(6), 322-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.011
Pfeifer, J. H., & Blakemore, S. J. (2012). Adolescent social cognitive and affective neuroscience: Past, present, and future. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsr099
Pontifex, M. B., Scudder, M. R., Brown, M. L., O’Leary, K. C., Wu, C., Themanson, J. R., & Hillman, C. H. (2010). On the number of trials necessary for stabilization of error-related brain activity across the life span. Psychophysiology, 47(4), 767-773. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.00974.x
Posner, M. I., Rothbart, M. K., Sheese, B. E., & Voelker, P. (2014). Developing attention: Behavioral and brain mechanisms. Advances in Neuroscience, 2014, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/405094
Pozzoli, T., Gini, G., & Altoè, G. (2017). Associations between facial emotion recognition and young adolescents' behaviors in bullying. PLoS One, 12(11), e0188062. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188062
Rice, K. G., & Mulkeen, P. (1995). Relationships with parents and peers: A longitudinal study of adolescent intimacy. Journal of Adolescent Research, 10(3), 338-357. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743554895103003
Roberts, R. E., Attkisson, C. C., & Rosenblatt, A. (1998). Prevalence of psychopathology among children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(6), 715-725. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.7.2.275
Rodger, H., Vizioli, L., Ouyang, X., & Caldara, R. (2015). Mapping the development of facial expression recognition. Developmental Science, 18(6), 926-939. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12281
Roy, A. K., Vasa, R. A., Bruck, M., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Sweeney, M., Bergman, R. L., McClure-Tone, E. B., & CAMS Team. (2008). Attention bias toward threat in pediatric anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(10), 1189-1196. https://doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e3181825ace
Rudolph, K. D. (2002). Gender differences in emotional responses to interpersonal stress during adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30(4), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00383-4
Sabatinelli, D., Keil, A., Frank, D. W., & Lang, P. J. (2013). Emotional perception: Correspondence of early and late event-related potentials with cortical and subcortical functional MRI. Biological Psychology, 92(3), 513-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.04.005
Sandre, A., Banica, I., Riesel, A., Flake, J., Klawohn, J., & Weinberg, A. (2020). Comparing the effects of different methodological decisions on the error-related negativity and its association with behaviour and gender. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 156, 18-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.016
Sandre, A., Ethridge, P., Kim, I., & Weinberg, A. (2018). Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased neural response to ambiguous threatening facial expressions in adulthood: Evidence from the late positive potential. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 18(1), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-017-0559-z
Saxbe, D., Del Piero, L., Immordino-Yang, M. H., Kaplan, J., & Margolin, G. (2015). Neural correlates of adolescents' viewing of parents' and peers' emotions: Associations with risk-taking behavior and risky peer affiliations. Social Neuroscience, 10(6), 592-604. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2015.1022216
Schepman, K., Taylor, E., Collishaw, S., & Fombonne, E. (2012). Face emotion processing in depressed children and adolescents with and without comorbid conduct disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(4), 583-593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9587-2
Schupp, H. T., Cuthbert, B. N., Bradley, M. M., Cacioppo, J. T., Ito, T., & Lang, P. J. (2000). Affective picture processing: The late positive potential is modulated by motivational relevance. Psychophysiology, 37(2), 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3720257
Schupp, H. T., Junghöfer, M., Weike, A. I., & Hamm, A. O. (2004). The selective processing of briefly presented affective pictures: An ERP analysis. Psychophysiology, 41(3), 441-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2004.00174.x
Somerville, L. H. (2013). The teenage brain: Sensitivity to social evaluation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(2), 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413476512
Somerville, L. H., Fani, N., & McClure-Tone, E. B. (2011). Behavioral and neural representation of emotional facial expressions across the lifespan. Developmental Neuropsychology, 36(4), 408-428. https://doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2010.549865
Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 83-110. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.83
Thomas, L. A., De Bellis, M. D., Graham, R., & LaBar, K. S. (2007). Development of emotional facial recognition in late childhood and adolescence. Developmental Science, 10(5), 547-558. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00614.x
Tremblay, C., Kirouac, G., & Dore, F. Y. (1987). The recognition of adults' and children’s facial expressions of emotions. The Journal of Psychology, 121(4), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1987.9712674
Trentacosta, C. J., & Fine, S. E. (2010). Emotion knowledge, social competence, and behavior problems in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic review. Social Development, 19(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2009.00543.x
Twomey, D. M., Murphy, P. R., Kelly, S. P., & O’Connell, R. G. (2015). The classic P300 encodes a build-to-threshold decision variable. European Journal of Neuroscience, 42(1), 1636-1643. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12936
van Hoorn, J., McCormick, E. M., & Telzer, E. H. (2018). Moderate social sensitivity in a risky context supports adaptive decision making in adolescence: Evidence from brain and behavior. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 13(5), 546-556. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy016
van Hoorn, J., van Dijk, E., Meuwese, R., Rieffe, C., & Crone, E. A. (2016). Peer influence on prosocial behavior in adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 26(1), 90-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12173
Vicari, S., Reilly, J. S., Pasqualetti, P., Vizzotto, A., & Caltagirone, C. (2000). Recognition of facial expressions of emotions in school-age children: The intersection of perceptual and semantic categories. Acta Paediatrica, 89(7), 836-845. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00392.x
Weinberg, A., & Hajcak, G. (2010). Beyond good and evil: The time-course of neural activity elicited by specific picture content. Emotion, 10(6), 767-782. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020242
Weinberg, A., & Hajcak, G. (2011). The late positive potential predicts subsequent interference with target processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(10), 2994-3007. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2011.21630
Wiggins, J. L., Adleman, N. E., Kim, P., Oakes, A. H., Hsu, D., Reynolds, R. C., Chen, G., Pine, D. S., Brotman, M. A., & Leibenluft, E. (2016). Developmental differences in the neural mechanisms of facial emotion labeling. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(1), 172-181. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv101
Yurgelun-Todd, D. A., & Killgore, W. D. S. (2006). Fear-related activity in the prefrontal cortex increases with age during adolescence: A preliminary fMRI study. Neuroscience Letters, 406(3), 194-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.07.046