Menthol Flavor in E-Cigarette Vapor Modulates Social Behavior Correlated With Central and Peripheral Changes of Immunometabolic Signalings.
e-cigarette
electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)
menthol
nicotine
social activity
Journal
Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
ISSN: 1662-5099
Titre abrégé: Front Mol Neurosci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101477914
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
23
10
2021
accepted:
21
01
2022
entrez:
1
4
2022
pubmed:
2
4
2022
medline:
2
4
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The use of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has been increasing dramatically worldwide. More than 8,000 flavors of e-cigarettes are currently marketed and menthol is one of the most popular flavor additives in the electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). There is a controversy over the roles of e-cigarettes in social behavior, and little is known about the potential impacts of flavorings in the ENDS. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of menthol flavor in ENDS on the social behavior of long-term vapor-exposed mice with a daily intake limit, and the underlying immunometabolic changes in the central and peripheral systems. We found that the addition of menthol flavor in nicotine vapor enhanced the social activity compared with the nicotine alone. The dramatically reduced activation of cellular energy measured by adenosine 5' monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in the hippocampus were observed after the chronic exposure of menthol-flavored ENDS. Multiple sera cytokines including C5, TIMP-1, and CXCL13 were decreased accordingly as per their peripheral immunometabolic responses to menthol flavor in the nicotine vapor. The serum level of C5 was positively correlated with the alteration activity of the AMPK-ERK signaling in the hippocampus. Our current findings provide evidence for the enhancement of menthol flavor in ENDS on social functioning, which is correlated with the central and peripheral immunometabolic disruptions; this raises the vigilance of the cautious addition of various flavorings in e-cigarettes and the urgency of further investigations on the complex interplay and health effects of flavoring additives with nicotine in e-cigarettes.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35359576
doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.800406
pmc: PMC8960730
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
800406Commentaires et corrections
Type : ErratumIn
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Xu, Tian, Li, Tang, Jing, Deng, Mo, Wang, Lai, Liu, Guo, Li, Li, Wang, Lu, Chen and Liu.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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