Bile Acids and the Microbiome: Making Sense of This Dynamic Relationship in Their Role and Management in Crohn's Disease.
Journal
Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
ISSN: 2291-2797
Titre abrégé: Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol
Pays: Egypt
ID NLM: 101623613
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
19
12
2021
accepted:
05
03
2022
entrez:
1
4
2022
pubmed:
2
4
2022
medline:
5
4
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Bile acids help maintain the physiological balance of the gut microbiome and the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Similarly, intestinal bacteria play a major role in bile acid metabolism as they are involved in crucial biotransformation steps in the enterohepatic circulation pathway. Understanding the relationship between bile acid signalling and the gut microbiome in Crohn's disease can help target new and innovative treatment strategies. This review summarises the relationship between bile acids and the microbiome in Crohn's disease and discusses potential novel therapeutic options. We performed a literature review on bile acid signalling, its effect on the gut microbiome, and therapeutic applications in Crohn's disease. Current research suggests that there is a strong interplay between the dysregulated microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and the mucosal immune system that can result in a changed immunological function, triggering the inflammatory response in Crohn's disease. Recent studies have demonstrated an association with altering the enterohepatic circulation and activating the farnesoid X receptor signalling pathway with the use of probiotics and faecal microbial transplantation, respectively. Bile acid sequestrants have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and anti-apoptotic properties with the potential to alter the intestinal microbial composition, suggesting a possible role in inducing and maintaining Crohn's disease. Active Crohn's disease has been correlated with changes in bacterial concentrations, which may be associated with changes in bile acid modification. Further research should focus on targeting these areas for future therapeutic options.
Sections du résumé
Background
Bile acids help maintain the physiological balance of the gut microbiome and the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Similarly, intestinal bacteria play a major role in bile acid metabolism as they are involved in crucial biotransformation steps in the enterohepatic circulation pathway. Understanding the relationship between bile acid signalling and the gut microbiome in Crohn's disease can help target new and innovative treatment strategies.
Aims
This review summarises the relationship between bile acids and the microbiome in Crohn's disease and discusses potential novel therapeutic options.
Methods
We performed a literature review on bile acid signalling, its effect on the gut microbiome, and therapeutic applications in Crohn's disease.
Results
Current research suggests that there is a strong interplay between the dysregulated microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and the mucosal immune system that can result in a changed immunological function, triggering the inflammatory response in Crohn's disease. Recent studies have demonstrated an association with altering the enterohepatic circulation and activating the farnesoid X receptor signalling pathway with the use of probiotics and faecal microbial transplantation, respectively. Bile acid sequestrants have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and anti-apoptotic properties with the potential to alter the intestinal microbial composition, suggesting a possible role in inducing and maintaining Crohn's disease.
Conclusions
Active Crohn's disease has been correlated with changes in bacterial concentrations, which may be associated with changes in bile acid modification. Further research should focus on targeting these areas for future therapeutic options.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35360442
doi: 10.1155/2022/8416578
pmc: PMC8964223
doi:
Substances chimiques
Bile Acids and Salts
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
8416578Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Aditi Kumar et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
MJB has received grants and travel expenses from Vifor International and Tillotts Pharma, outside of the submitted work. The research department of MJB also received funding from Tillotts Pharma to support part of the described work. HS has received travel and conference expenses from Tillotts Pharma, Norgine, MSD, AbbVie, and Janssen outside of the submitted work. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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