Technical assessment of 2D and 3D imaging performance of an IGZO-based flat-panel X-ray detector.
DQE
IGZO
MTF
NEQ
NPS
amorphous silicon
cone-beam CT
flat-panel detector
fluoroscopy
image-guided procedures
technical assessment
Journal
Medical physics
ISSN: 2473-4209
Titre abrégé: Med Phys
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0425746
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2022
05 2022
Historique:
revised:
09
03
2022
received:
22
11
2021
accepted:
09
03
2022
pubmed:
2
4
2022
medline:
12
5
2022
entrez:
1
4
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Indirect detection flat-panel detectors (FPDs) consisting of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are a prevalent technology for digital x-ray imaging. However, their performance is challenged in applications requiring low exposure levels, high spatial resolution, and high frame rate. Emerging FPD designs using metal oxide TFTs may offer potential performance improvements compared to FPDs based on a-Si:H TFTs. This work investigates the imaging performance of a new indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) TFT-based detector in 2D fluoroscopy and 3D cone-beam CT (CBCT). The new FPD consists of a sensor array combining IGZO TFTs with a-Si:H photodiodes and a 0.7-mm thick CsI:Tl scintillator. The FPD was implemented on an x-ray imaging bench with system geometry emulating intraoperative CBCT. A conventional FPD with a-Si:H TFTs and a 0.6-mm thick CsI:Tl scintillator was similarly implemented as a basis of comparison. 2D imaging performance was characterized in terms of electronic noise, sensitivity, linearity, lag, spatial resolution (modulation transfer function, MTF), image noise (noise-power spectrum, NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) with entrance air kerma (EAK) ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 μGy. 3D imaging performance was evaluated in terms of the 3D MTF and noise-equivalent quanta (NEQ), soft-tissue contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and image quality evident in anthropomorphic phantoms for a range of anatomical sites and dose, with weighted air kerma, The 2D imaging performance of the IGZO-based FPD exhibited up to ∼1.7× lower electronic noise than the a-Si:H FPD at matched pixel pitch. Furthermore, the IGZO FPD exhibited ∼27% increase in mid-frequency DQE (1 mm The IGZO-based FPD demonstrated improvements in electronic noise, image lag, and NEQ that translated to measurable improvements in 2D and 3D imaging performance compared to a conventional FPD based on a-Si:H TFTs. The improvements are most beneficial for 2D or 3D imaging scenarios involving low-dose and/or high-frame rate.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Indirect detection flat-panel detectors (FPDs) consisting of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are a prevalent technology for digital x-ray imaging. However, their performance is challenged in applications requiring low exposure levels, high spatial resolution, and high frame rate. Emerging FPD designs using metal oxide TFTs may offer potential performance improvements compared to FPDs based on a-Si:H TFTs.
PURPOSE
This work investigates the imaging performance of a new indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) TFT-based detector in 2D fluoroscopy and 3D cone-beam CT (CBCT).
METHODS
The new FPD consists of a sensor array combining IGZO TFTs with a-Si:H photodiodes and a 0.7-mm thick CsI:Tl scintillator. The FPD was implemented on an x-ray imaging bench with system geometry emulating intraoperative CBCT. A conventional FPD with a-Si:H TFTs and a 0.6-mm thick CsI:Tl scintillator was similarly implemented as a basis of comparison. 2D imaging performance was characterized in terms of electronic noise, sensitivity, linearity, lag, spatial resolution (modulation transfer function, MTF), image noise (noise-power spectrum, NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) with entrance air kerma (EAK) ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 μGy. 3D imaging performance was evaluated in terms of the 3D MTF and noise-equivalent quanta (NEQ), soft-tissue contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and image quality evident in anthropomorphic phantoms for a range of anatomical sites and dose, with weighted air kerma,
RESULTS
The 2D imaging performance of the IGZO-based FPD exhibited up to ∼1.7× lower electronic noise than the a-Si:H FPD at matched pixel pitch. Furthermore, the IGZO FPD exhibited ∼27% increase in mid-frequency DQE (1 mm
CONCLUSION
The IGZO-based FPD demonstrated improvements in electronic noise, image lag, and NEQ that translated to measurable improvements in 2D and 3D imaging performance compared to a conventional FPD based on a-Si:H TFTs. The improvements are most beneficial for 2D or 3D imaging scenarios involving low-dose and/or high-frame rate.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35363391
doi: 10.1002/mp.15605
pmc: PMC10153656
mid: NIHMS1893268
doi:
Substances chimiques
Indium
045A6V3VFX
Gallium
CH46OC8YV4
Zinc
J41CSQ7QDS
Zinc Oxide
SOI2LOH54Z
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3053-3066Subventions
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : U01 NS107133
Pays : United States
Organisme : Academic-industry collaboration with Medtronic (Littleton, MA)
Organisme : NIH U01
ID : NS-107133
Informations de copyright
© 2022 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.
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