Timing of postpartum long acting, reversible contraception was not associated with 12-month removal rates in a large Medicaid sample.

To determine whether the timing of placement of long acting, reversible contraception (LARC) methods postpartum (immediate postpartum (IPP) or interval (within 6 months postpartum) is associated with higher removal rates by 12 months postpartum. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked Medicaid claims and birth certificate data (n = 313,849) from Oregon and South Carolina from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018. Our primary outcome was LARC (intrauterine device (IUD) or implant) removal by 12 months postpartum. We compared crude proportions and rates of removal and used a multivariable survival analysis to compare removal over 12 months between IPP and interval LARC placement controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors and clustered at the woman level. Our sample included 313,849 births to 247,884 women; a majority did not receive any postpartum contraception (207,058 [66.0%]). Out of the 54,018 (17.2%) of births followed by an immediate postpartum or interval LARC placement, 11.8% discontinued by 12 months. In multivariable analyses, births followed by IPP LARC were 10% more likely to experience discontinuation at any point up to 12 months compared with interval LARC (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.22), but this was not statistically significant. IPP LARC devices are removed at similar rates as LARC placed within 6 months postpartum. Timing of postpartum long acting reversible contraception- interval or immediately postpartum- was not associated with 12 month removal rates.

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