Toxicity, preparation methods and applications of silver nanoparticles: an update.

Nanoparticles (range under 100 nm) prepared by different technology modes including physical, chemical, biological have many applications. Like in the same way silver nanoparticles are used for different beneficial actions like antimicrobial- antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, water treatment, cosmetics, and in the textiles industry. As silver nanoparticles have shown wide application by different mechanisms against various pathophyisiological conditions. To maintain safety under their use, the study of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles has become more important. Health agencies like WHO, NIOSH, EPA, EFSA & EU have issued guidelines for unrisky exposure limit of silver nanopartricles in drinking water, food and breathing. The main purpose of this article is to summarize genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity of silver nanoparticles in both