When healing turns into killing - the pathophysiology of pancreatic and hepatic fibrosis.
fibroblasts
fibrosis
liver
pancreas
stellate cells
Journal
The Journal of physiology
ISSN: 1469-7793
Titre abrégé: J Physiol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0266262
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2022
06 2022
Historique:
received:
08
11
2021
accepted:
12
04
2022
pubmed:
18
4
2022
medline:
3
6
2022
entrez:
17
4
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Disorders such as pancreatic or hepatic fibrosis are a cruel reminder that disruption of the delicate physiological balance could result in severe pathological consequences. Fibrosis is usually associated with chronic diseases and manifests itself as excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix, which gradually leads to the replacement of the cellular components by fibrotic lesions, significantly compromising normal tissue functions. The main cellular mediators of fibrosis are different populations of tissue fibroblasts, predominantly hepatic and pancreatic stellate cells in the liver and pancreas, respectively. These cells undergo a phenotypic switch in response to (bio)chemical or physical stimuli and acquire a myofibroblast-like phenotype characterised by increased contractile and adhesive properties, elevated expression of certain cytoskeletal and membrane proteins, and prominent production of extracellular matrix components. In the past few decades, a substantial scientific effort has been undertaken to investigate the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Here, cellular mechanisms of hepatic and pancreatic fibrosis, their aetiological factors, associated diseases and prospective therapies are discussed. New therapies against fibrosis are likely to be focused on regulation of hepatic/pancreatic stellate cell physiology as well as normalisation of the organ mechanostasis.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2579-2612Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2022 The Physiological Society.
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