Holistic Approach to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Adverse Events.
PD-L1
cancer
cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA-4)
immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)
immune-related adverse event (irAE)
immunotherapy
programmed cell death protein -1 (PD-1)
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
29
10
2021
accepted:
07
03
2022
entrez:
18
4
2022
pubmed:
19
4
2022
medline:
20
4
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block inhibitory molecules, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or its ligand, programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) and enhance antitumor T-cell activity. ICIs provide clinical benefits in a percentage of patients with advanced cancers, but they are usually associated with a remarkable spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (e.g., rash, colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, endocrine, cardiac and musculoskeletal dysfunctions). Particularly patients on combination therapy (e.g., anti-CTLA-4 plus anti-PD-1/PD-L1) experience some form of irAEs. Different mechanisms have been postulated to explain these adverse events. Host factors such as genotype, gut microbiome and pre-existing autoimmune disorders may affect the risk of adverse events. Fatal ICI-related irAEs are due to myocarditis, colitis or pneumonitis. irAEs usually occur within the first months after ICI initiation but can develop as early as after the first dose to years after ICI initiation. Most irAEs resolve pharmacologically, but some appear to be persistent. Glucocorticoids represent the mainstay of management of irAEs, but other immunosuppressive drugs can be used to mitigate refractory irAEs. In the absence of specific trials, several guidelines, based on data from retrospective studies and expert consensus, have been published to guide the management of ICI-related irAEs.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35432346
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.804597
pmc: PMC9005797
doi:
Substances chimiques
B7-H1 Antigen
0
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
0
Ligands
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
804597Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Poto, Troiani, Criscuolo, Marone, Ciardiello, Tocchetti and Varricchi.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Références
Science. 2001 Jan 12;291(5502):319-22
pubmed: 11209085
Circulation. 2017 Nov 21;136(21):1989-1992
pubmed: 29158212
Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 04;11:557
pubmed: 32425791
Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 08;7:44173
pubmed: 28272463
Diabetes Care. 2015 Sep;38(9):e137-8
pubmed: 26116720
JAMA. 2017 Nov 28;318(20):1985-1993
pubmed: 29183074
Lancet. 2018 Mar 10;391(10124):933
pubmed: 29536852
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Apr 24;71(16):1755-1764
pubmed: 29567210
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2019 Jul;18(7):623-633
pubmed: 31088310
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2019 Jun;68(6):917-926
pubmed: 30877325
JAMA. 2014 Nov 5;312(17):1772-8
pubmed: 25322359
Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019 Feb;48(4):736-740
pubmed: 29909921
N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 22;378(12):1164
pubmed: 29565520
Diabetes Care. 2018 Dec;41(12):e150-e151
pubmed: 30305348
JAMA Dermatol. 2016 Jan;152(1):45-51
pubmed: 26501224
Diagnostics (Basel). 2018 Oct 31;8(4):
pubmed: 30384507
J Crohns Colitis. 2016 Apr;10(4):395-401
pubmed: 26783344
N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov 10;375(19):1856-1867
pubmed: 27718784
J Endocr Soc. 2018 Feb 06;2(3):241-251
pubmed: 29600292
J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Apr 2;7(1):93
pubmed: 30940209
Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2020 Aug 17;28(6):854-859
pubmed: 31013173
J Immunother Cancer. 2015 Sep 15;3:39
pubmed: 26380086
Ann Oncol. 2014 Nov;25(11):2277-2284
pubmed: 25210016
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017 Apr;13(4):195-207
pubmed: 28106152
Nat Med. 2021 Aug;27(8):1432-1441
pubmed: 34239137
Ann Oncol. 2017 Sep 1;28(9):2318-2319
pubmed: 28911080
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 May 24;20(10):
pubmed: 31137683
Sci Immunol. 2020 Jan 3;5(43):
pubmed: 31901074
JAMA Oncol. 2019 Jul 01;5(7):1008-1019
pubmed: 31021376
J Immunother Cancer. 2020 Dec;8(2):
pubmed: 33298621
Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022 Apr;19(4):254-267
pubmed: 35082367
Gut. 2020 Sep;69(9):1555-1563
pubmed: 32620549
Immunity. 2014 Nov 20;41(5):682-4
pubmed: 25517610
Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020 Aug;17(8):474-502
pubmed: 32231332
Immunity. 1995 Nov;3(5):541-7
pubmed: 7584144
Nature. 2019 May;569(7756):428-432
pubmed: 31043740
JAMA Oncol. 2021 May 1;7(5):744-748
pubmed: 33764387
N Engl J Med. 2017 May 18;376(20):1989-91
pubmed: 28514612
J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Jan 6;7(1):1
pubmed: 30612589
N Engl J Med. 2012 Jun 28;366(26):2455-65
pubmed: 22658128
J Immunother Cancer. 2018 May 11;6(1):37
pubmed: 29747688
J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2019 Apr;25(3):551-557
pubmed: 29207939
J Clin Oncol. 2006 May 20;24(15):2283-9
pubmed: 16710025
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019 Jan 21;9:2
pubmed: 30719428
JAMA Oncol. 2016 Nov 1;2(11):1507-1508
pubmed: 27262099
J Immunother Cancer. 2019 May 22;7(1):134
pubmed: 31118078
Cardiooncology. 2021 Mar 30;7(1):13
pubmed: 33785062
J Clin Oncol. 2015 Oct 1;33(28):3193-8
pubmed: 26282644
J Clin Oncol. 2017 Dec 1;35(34):3815-3822
pubmed: 28915085
J Clin Invest. 2021 Mar 1;131(5):
pubmed: 33645548
Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 Feb;172(2):195-204
pubmed: 25416723
Eur J Cancer. 2019 Jan;106:12-23
pubmed: 30453170
Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Sep 15;27(18):5131-5140
pubmed: 34244291
Eur J Cancer. 2017 Mar;73:1-8
pubmed: 28064139
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 Mar 1;58(3):476-480
pubmed: 30508191
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 May;100(5):1738-41
pubmed: 25751110
Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 06;7:43492
pubmed: 28262761
Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Mar;77(3):393-398
pubmed: 29146737
JAMA Oncol. 2019 Oct 01;5(10):1411-1420
pubmed: 31343665
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2019 Feb 13;7(1):e000591
pubmed: 30899528
Lung Cancer. 2018 Nov;125:150-156
pubmed: 30429014
Am J Pathol. 2016 Dec;186(12):3225-3235
pubmed: 27750046
J Immunother Cancer. 2018 Dec 5;6(1):142
pubmed: 30518410
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2019 Mar;71(3):362-366
pubmed: 29125905
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 Oct;14(10):569-579
pubmed: 30171203
Cell. 2017 Sep 7;170(6):1120-1133.e17
pubmed: 28803728
Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Apr 8;68(8):1351-1358
pubmed: 30957161
Oncologist. 2018 Aug;23(8):874-878
pubmed: 29802220
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jan;34(1):101370
pubmed: 31983543
J Immunol. 2012 May 15;188(10):4876-84
pubmed: 22491251
Am J Ophthalmol. 2019 Jun;202:109-117
pubmed: 30772350
J Immunother Cancer. 2017 Nov 21;5(1):91
pubmed: 29157297
In Vivo. 2017 Sep-Oct;31(5):1035-1039
pubmed: 28882978
Thyroid. 2020 Feb;30(2):177-184
pubmed: 31813343
Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2016 Aug;13(8):473-86
pubmed: 27141885
Circ Res. 2015 Mar 27;116(7):1254-68
pubmed: 25814686
J Immunother Cancer. 2020 Jul;8(2):
pubmed: 32699182
Eur J Cancer. 2018 Mar;91:21-29
pubmed: 29331748
J Clin Oncol. 2018 Jun 10;36(17):1714-1768
pubmed: 29442540
J Clin Oncol. 2019 Aug 1;37(22):1927-1934
pubmed: 31206316
Lancet. 2014 Sep 20;384(9948):1109-17
pubmed: 25034862
Curr Opin Oncol. 2016 Jul;28(4):288-94
pubmed: 27136135
Circulation. 2020 Feb 11;141(6):e69-e92
pubmed: 31902242
ESMO Open. 2017 Oct 26;2(4):e000247
pubmed: 29104763
N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 22;369(8):699-710
pubmed: 23964932
N Engl J Med. 2012 Jun 28;366(26):2443-54
pubmed: 22658127
Ann Emerg Med. 2019 Jan;73(1):79-87
pubmed: 29880440
Eur Heart J. 2022 Jan 31;43(4):330-332
pubmed: 34459886
Cancer Sci. 2018 Nov;109(11):3583-3590
pubmed: 30230649
Cancer Sci. 2020 May;111(5):1468-1477
pubmed: 32086984
J Clin Rheumatol. 2021 Dec 1;27(8S):S877-S878
pubmed: 32511147
Eur J Cancer. 2016 Feb;54:139-148
pubmed: 26765102
Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Feb 15;21(4):749-55
pubmed: 25538262
Circulation. 2018 Aug 14;138(7):743-745
pubmed: 30359135
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Apr 24;71(16):1765-1767
pubmed: 29567211
Eur J Heart Fail. 2018 Mar;20(3):445-459
pubmed: 29333691
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Oct 29;116(44):22246-22251
pubmed: 31611368
N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov 03;375(18):1749-1755
pubmed: 27806233
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jan;95(1):25-33
pubmed: 19875480
BMJ. 2020 Apr 6;369:m736
pubmed: 32253223
J Clin Oncol. 2017 Mar;35(7):785-792
pubmed: 28068177
Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 1;15(17):5591-8
pubmed: 19671877
Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018 Dec;48(3):553-557
pubmed: 29573850
J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 1;36(28):2872-2878
pubmed: 30125216
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 May;76(5):863-870
pubmed: 28094061
Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Dec;76(12):2061-2064
pubmed: 28830882
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009 Oct;30(9):1751-3
pubmed: 19474123
J Transl Med. 2018 Apr 11;16(1):94
pubmed: 29642948
Horm Metab Res. 2019 Mar;51(3):145-156
pubmed: 30861560
J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Feb 6;7(1):31
pubmed: 30728076
Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2020 Aug;17(8):504-515
pubmed: 32246128
Front Immunol. 2019 Sep 26;10:2254
pubmed: 31616428
Ann Oncol. 2021 Jul;32(7):917-925
pubmed: 33798657
Ann Oncol. 2017 Feb 1;28(2):368-376
pubmed: 27687304
J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2019 Mar 1;17(3):255-289
pubmed: 30865922
Cancer Immunol Res. 2019 Jul;7(7):1214-1220
pubmed: 31088848
Nat Med. 2003 Dec;9(12):1477-83
pubmed: 14595408
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jun 2;117(22):12288-12294
pubmed: 32430334
Thyroid. 2018 Oct;28(10):1243-1251
pubmed: 30132401
N Engl J Med. 2019 Jun 13;380(24):2375-2376
pubmed: 31189042
Cancer Discov. 2018 Sep;8(9):1069-1086
pubmed: 30115704
Eur Heart J. 2022 Jan 31;43(4):316-329
pubmed: 34389849
Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):271-5
pubmed: 18845758
Neurology. 2019 Apr 2;92(14):663-674
pubmed: 30850443
Respiration. 2020;99(11):932-942
pubmed: 33260191
Nat Med. 2019 Oct;25(10):1576-1588
pubmed: 31591603
Cancer Treat Rev. 2016 Apr;45:7-18
pubmed: 26922661
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018 Jul 12;24(8):1695-1705
pubmed: 29718308
Trends Immunol. 2021 Apr;42(4):293-311
pubmed: 33714688
Cell. 2015 Apr 9;161(2):205-14
pubmed: 25860605
J Clin Invest. 2020 Jan 2;130(1):51-61
pubmed: 31895048
N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 22;369(8):711-21
pubmed: 23964933
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021 Aug;17(8):505
pubmed: 34103723
J Vis Exp. 2014 Dec 08;(94):
pubmed: 25549239
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Nov;99(11):4078-85
pubmed: 25078147
Intensive Care Med. 2018 Mar;44(3):371-373
pubmed: 28956093
Cancer. 2018 Sep 15;124(18):3706-3714
pubmed: 29975414
Nat Commun. 2016 Feb 02;7:10391
pubmed: 26837003
Nat Immunol. 2010 Feb;11(2):129-35
pubmed: 20037585
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Dec;71(12):2100-2111
pubmed: 31379105
Oncologist. 2019 Sep;24(9):1259-1269
pubmed: 30996010
JAMA Oncol. 2018 Dec 1;4(12):1721-1728
pubmed: 30242316
JCI Insight. 2017 May 18;2(10):
pubmed: 28515362
Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018 Jun;19(3):345-361
pubmed: 29256113
Nat Med. 2018 Dec;24(12):1804-1808
pubmed: 30420754
Eur J Cancer. 2021 Apr;147:170-181
pubmed: 33706206
RMD Open. 2019 Apr 25;5(1):e000906
pubmed: 31168414
Liver Int. 2018 Jun;38(6):976-987
pubmed: 29603856
Curr Oncol Rep. 2020 May 16;22(6):56
pubmed: 32415399
N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 22;373(17):1627-39
pubmed: 26412456
Ann Intern Med. 2018 Jan 16;168(2):121-130
pubmed: 29297009
N Engl J Med. 2015 May 21;372(21):2006-17
pubmed: 25891304
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Apr;80(4):990-997
pubmed: 30399387
ESMO Open. 2019 Jul 31;4(Suppl 4):e000540
pubmed: 31423344
Clin Lung Cancer. 2018 May;19(3):e335-e348
pubmed: 29433902
Int J Cancer. 2019 Aug 1;145(3):639-648
pubmed: 30653255
Lung Cancer. 2019 Apr;130:159-161
pubmed: 30885338
Science. 2019 Nov 15;366(6467):881-886
pubmed: 31727837
Neurology. 2018 Sep 4;91(10):e985-e994
pubmed: 30089619
Curr Probl Cancer. 2017 Mar - Apr;41(2):100-110
pubmed: 28189263
Gut. 2018 Nov;67(11):2056-2067
pubmed: 30131322
J Immunother Cancer. 2018 Oct 11;6(1):103
pubmed: 30305177
Eur J Cancer. 2016 Jun;60:190-209
pubmed: 27085692
J Immunother Cancer. 2020 Jul;8(2):
pubmed: 32718987
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Feb 27;12(3):
pubmed: 32120803
Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 24;12:701951
pubmed: 34504488
Oncoimmunology. 2017 Jul 5;6(10):e1344805
pubmed: 29123955
N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 7;369(19):1779-81
pubmed: 24180496
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021 Apr;17(4):213-223
pubmed: 33686279
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 May;8(5):471-3
pubmed: 20117243
Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2019 Sep;16(9):563-580
pubmed: 31092901
Circulation. 2020 Dec 15;142(24):2396-2398
pubmed: 32894978
Nat Med. 2022 Feb;28(2):353-362
pubmed: 35027754
JAMA Oncol. 2019 Mar 1;5(3):376-383
pubmed: 30589930
Clin Lung Cancer. 2019 Nov;20(6):442-450.e4
pubmed: 31446020
Eur J Cancer. 2019 Nov;122:72-90
pubmed: 31634647
Science. 2018 Jan 5;359(6371):104-108
pubmed: 29302014
Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 04;10:108
pubmed: 30778352
Eur J Endocrinol. 2019 Sep;181(3):363-374
pubmed: 31330498
J Clin Invest. 2007 Oct;117(10):2974-82
pubmed: 17853943
Endocr Rev. 2019 Feb 1;40(1):17-65
pubmed: 30184160
Science. 2018 Jan 5;359(6371):97-103
pubmed: 29097493
Diabetes Care. 2015 Apr;38(4):e55-7
pubmed: 25805871
J Thorac Oncol. 2018 Dec;13(12):1930-1939
pubmed: 30267842
Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018 Nov;19(Suppl 1):31-39
pubmed: 30374901
Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1084-9
pubmed: 26541606
Radiographics. 2019 Nov-Dec;39(7):1923-1937
pubmed: 31584861
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Jan;53(1):33-42
pubmed: 33159374
Circ Heart Fail. 2020 Nov;13(11):e007405
pubmed: 33176455
Circulation. 2017 Nov 21;136(21):2085-2087
pubmed: 29158217
Am J Hematol. 2019 May;94(5):563-574
pubmed: 30790338
J Immunother. 2019 Jun;42(5):175-179
pubmed: 31090656
J Immunother Cancer. 2017 Nov 21;5(1):95
pubmed: 29162153
Diabetes Care. 2015 Nov;38(11):e182-3
pubmed: 26310693
N Engl J Med. 2017 Oct 5;377(14):1345-1356
pubmed: 28889792
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Aug 1;102(8):2770-2780
pubmed: 28609832
Eur J Endocrinol. 2019 Sep;181(3):211-219
pubmed: 31176301
PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53745
pubmed: 23341990
Eur J Cancer. 2018 Oct;102:49-51
pubmed: 30138772
N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 2;373(1):23-34
pubmed: 26027431
Am J Surg Pathol. 2019 Oct;43(10):1331-1340
pubmed: 31162288
Circulation. 2020 Jun 16;141(24):2031-2034
pubmed: 32539614
JAMA Oncol. 2016 Dec 01;2(12):1607-1616
pubmed: 27540850
Br J Cancer. 2019 Jan;120(1):63-68
pubmed: 30377338
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 Dec;79(6):1081-1088
pubmed: 30025829
Sci Transl Med. 2014 Apr 2;6(230):230ra45
pubmed: 24695685
N Engl J Med. 2019 Jun 13;380(24):2377-2379
pubmed: 31189043
Diabetes. 2020 Jul;69(7):1311-1335
pubmed: 32561620
Ann Oncol. 2017 Oct 01;28(10):2377-2385
pubmed: 28945858
J Thorac Oncol. 2018 Nov;13(11):1771-1775
pubmed: 29935305
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2017 May;66(5):581-592
pubmed: 28204866
JACC CardioOncol. 2019 Sep;1(1):105-113
pubmed: 32529192
Semin Immunopathol. 2020 Dec;42(6):669-680
pubmed: 33219395
Diabetes. 2018 Aug;67(8):1471-1480
pubmed: 29937434
BMC Infect Dis. 2015 Apr 17;15:191
pubmed: 25885020
J Hepatol. 2018 Jun;68(6):1181-1190
pubmed: 29427729
Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Mar;79(3):332-338
pubmed: 31540935
Ann Oncol. 2017 Jun 01;28(6):1368-1379
pubmed: 28368458
Kidney Int. 2016 Sep;90(3):638-47
pubmed: 27282937
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2017 Nov;66(11):1399-1410
pubmed: 28634815
ESMO Open. 2019 Feb 27;4(1):e000457
pubmed: 30964126
Cancer Med. 2018 Aug;7(8):4115-4120
pubmed: 29797416
Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1079-84
pubmed: 26541610
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Nov;69(11):1751-1763
pubmed: 27998041
Science. 2018 Jan 5;359(6371):91-97
pubmed: 29097494
Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021 Aug;18(8):527-540
pubmed: 33833434
J Clin Invest. 2018 Feb 1;128(2):715-720
pubmed: 29309048
Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Jan;80(1):36-48
pubmed: 32327425
Cancer Immunol Res. 2019 Jun;7(6):860-865
pubmed: 30996018
Cardiovasc Res. 2019 Apr 15;115(5):854-868
pubmed: 30715219
Int J Cancer. 2019 Sep 1;145(5):1408-1413
pubmed: 30575963
Trends Immunol. 2018 Dec;39(12):953-956
pubmed: 30497614
J Clin Oncol. 2012 Jul 20;30(21):2691-7
pubmed: 22614989
J Clin Rheumatol. 2021 Dec 1;27(8):e317-e322
pubmed: 32345841
JACC CardioOncol. 2020 Oct 06;2(4):599-610
pubmed: 34396271
N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 9;373(2):123-35
pubmed: 26028407
N Engl J Med. 2015 Jun 25;372(26):2521-32
pubmed: 25891173
J Transl Med. 2018 Apr 2;16(1):82
pubmed: 29606147
Eur J Cancer. 2019 Jan;107:8-14
pubmed: 30529903
N Engl J Med. 2019 Sep 26;381(13):1215-1226
pubmed: 31553834
Front Immunol. 2018 Jul 27;9:1722
pubmed: 30100906
J Exp Med. 2019 Jun 3;216(6):1244-1254
pubmed: 31068379
J Immunol. 2008 Aug 15;181(4):2513-21
pubmed: 18684942
PLoS One. 2019 May 14;14(5):e0216954
pubmed: 31086392
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Apr;73(4):553-565
pubmed: 33186490
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Nov;101(11):4431-4439
pubmed: 27571185
J Clin Oncol. 2017 Mar;35(7):709-717
pubmed: 27646942
Diabet Med. 2019 Sep;36(9):1075-1081
pubmed: 31199005
Science. 2018 Mar 23;359(6382):1350-1355
pubmed: 29567705
Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Mar 1;25(5):1557-1563
pubmed: 30409824
Can J Cardiol. 2018 Aug;34(8):1059-1068
pubmed: 29980467
Eur J Dermatol. 2015 Jan-Feb;25(1):36-44
pubmed: 25500362
Cell. 2020 Aug 6;182(3):655-671.e22
pubmed: 32603654
J Cutan Med Surg. 2021 Jan-Feb;25(1):59-76
pubmed: 32746624
J Endocrinol Invest. 2019 Dec;42(12):1443-1450
pubmed: 31093955
BMC Cancer. 2019 Jun 10;19(1):559
pubmed: 31182049
Circulation. 2019 Jul 02;140(2):80-91
pubmed: 31390169
Gut. 2020 Mar;69(3):502-512
pubmed: 31147381
Circulation. 2020 Dec 15;142(24):2299-2311
pubmed: 33003973
Autoimmun Rev. 2020 Aug;19(8):102586
pubmed: 32535094
Lung Cancer. 2018 Nov;125:212-217
pubmed: 30429022
JAMA Oncol. 2019 Jul 01;5(7):1043-1047
pubmed: 31021392
Ann Oncol. 2020 Jun;31(6):724-744
pubmed: 32194150
J Clin Oncol. 2019 Oct 20;37(30):2746-2758
pubmed: 31216228
Lancet Haematol. 2019 Jan;6(1):e48-e57
pubmed: 30528137
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021 Feb;17(2):69-70
pubmed: 33235330
J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Jan 6;7(1):2
pubmed: 30612580
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2018 Nov;34(6):377-383
pubmed: 30157044
J Immunother. 2018 May;41(4):208-211
pubmed: 29200081
Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 02;12:712915
pubmed: 34408753
Oncologist. 2019 Aug;24(8):1128-1136
pubmed: 31015312
Lancet Oncol. 2018 Dec;19(12):1579-1589
pubmed: 30442497
Ann Oncol. 2017 Jul 1;28(suppl_4):iv119-iv142
pubmed: 28881921
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Aug 13;20(16):
pubmed: 31412566
Clin Cancer Res. 2020 May 1;26(9):2268-2274
pubmed: 31988197
Eur J Endocrinol. 2012 Jul;167(1):1-5
pubmed: 22495490
J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Aug 22;7(1):226
pubmed: 31439050