Spatial variation of rodenticides and emerging contaminants in blood of raptor nestlings from Germany.
Biomonitoring
Birds of prey
Medicinal products
Plant protection products
Rodenticides
Journal
Environmental science and pollution research international
ISSN: 1614-7499
Titre abrégé: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9441769
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2022
Aug 2022
Historique:
received:
05
01
2022
accepted:
01
04
2022
pubmed:
19
4
2022
medline:
2
9
2022
entrez:
18
4
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Wildlife exposures to pest controlling substances have resulted in population declines of many predatory species during the past decades. Many pesticides were subsequently classified as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) and banned on national or global scales. However, despite their risks for non-target vertebrate wildlife, PBT substances such as anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are still permitted for use in Europe and have shown to threaten raptors. Whereas risks of ARs are known, much less information is available on emerging agrochemicals such as currently used PPPs and medicinal products (MPs) in higher trophic level species. We expect that currently used PPPs are relatively mobile (vs. lipophilic) as a consequence of the PBT criteria and thus more likely to be present in aqueous matrices. We therefore analyzed blood of 204 raptor nestlings of three terrestrial (red kite, common buzzard, Montagu's harrier) and two aquatic species (white-tailed sea eagle, osprey) from Germany. In total, we detected ARs in 22.6% of the red kites and 8.6% of the buzzards, whereas no Montagu's harriers or aquatic species were exposed prior to sampling. ΣAR concentration tended to be higher in North Rhine-Westphalia (vs. North-Eastern Germany) where population density is higher and intense livestock farming more frequent. Among the 90 targeted and currently used PPPs, we detected six substances from which bromoxynil (14.2%) was most frequent. Especially Montagu's harrier (31%) and red kites (22.6%) were exposed and concentrations were higher in North Rhine-Westphalia as well. Among seven MPs, we detected ciprofloxacin (3.4%), which indicates that risk mitigation measures may be needed as resistance genes were already detected in wildlife from Germany. Taken together, our study demonstrates that raptors are exposed to various chemicals during an early life stage depending on their sampling location and underpins that red kites are at particular risk for multiple pesticide exposures in Germany.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35435551
doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20089-1
pii: 10.1007/s11356-022-20089-1
pmc: PMC9427910
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anticoagulants
0
Rodenticides
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
60908-60921Subventions
Organisme : World Wide Fund for Nature Germany
ID : 20441661/218/18287CV
Organisme : Klara-Samariter Foundation
ID : 181019
Commentaires et corrections
Type : ErratumIn
Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
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