Immunometabolism-fit: How exercise and training can modify T cell and macrophage metabolism in health and disease.
Exercise
Immune System
Inflammation
Metabolism
Sedentary behavior
Journal
Exercise immunology review
ISSN: 1077-5552
Titre abrégé: Exerc Immunol Rev
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9505535
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
entrez:
22
4
2022
pubmed:
23
4
2022
medline:
27
4
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The term immunometabolism describes cellular and molecular metabolic processes that control the immune system and the associated immune responses. Acute exercise and regular physical activity have a substantial influence on the metabolism and the immune system, so that both processes are closely associated and influence each other bidirectionally. We limit the review here to focus on metabolic phenotypes and metabolic plasticity of T cells and macrophages to describe the complex role of acute exercise stress and regular physical activity on these cell types. The metabolic and immunological consequences of the social problem of inactivity and how, conversely, an active lifestyle can break this vicious circle, are then described. Finally, these aspects are evaluated against the background of an aging society. T cells and macrophages show high sensitivity to changes in their metabolic environment, which indirectly or directly affects their central functions. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour have an important influence on metabolic status, thereby modifying immune cell phenotypes and influencing immunological plasticity. A detailed understanding of the interactions between acute and chronic physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and the metabolic status of immune cells, can help to target the dysregulated immune system of people who live in a much too inactive society.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The term immunometabolism describes cellular and molecular metabolic processes that control the immune system and the associated immune responses. Acute exercise and regular physical activity have a substantial influence on the metabolism and the immune system, so that both processes are closely associated and influence each other bidirectionally.
SCOPE OF REVIEW
METHODS
We limit the review here to focus on metabolic phenotypes and metabolic plasticity of T cells and macrophages to describe the complex role of acute exercise stress and regular physical activity on these cell types. The metabolic and immunological consequences of the social problem of inactivity and how, conversely, an active lifestyle can break this vicious circle, are then described. Finally, these aspects are evaluated against the background of an aging society.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
T cells and macrophages show high sensitivity to changes in their metabolic environment, which indirectly or directly affects their central functions. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour have an important influence on metabolic status, thereby modifying immune cell phenotypes and influencing immunological plasticity. A detailed understanding of the interactions between acute and chronic physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and the metabolic status of immune cells, can help to target the dysregulated immune system of people who live in a much too inactive society.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
29-46Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 International Society of Exercise and Immunology. All rights reserved.