Goofballing of Opioid and Methamphetamine: The Science Behind the Deadly Cocktail.
abuse
addiction
dependence
goofball
methamphetamine
opioid
polydrug
polysubstance
Journal
Frontiers in pharmacology
ISSN: 1663-9812
Titre abrégé: Front Pharmacol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101548923
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
21
01
2022
accepted:
18
03
2022
entrez:
25
4
2022
pubmed:
26
4
2022
medline:
26
4
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Globally, millions of people suffer from various substance use disorders (SUD), including mono-and polydrug use of opioids and methamphetamine. Brain regions such as the cingulate cortex, infralimbic cortex, dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, basolateral and central amygdala have been shown to play important roles in addiction-related behavioral changes. Clinical and pre-clinical studies have characterized these brain regions and their corresponding neurochemical changes in numerous phases of drug dependence such as acute drug use, intoxication, craving, withdrawal, and relapse. At present, many studies have reported the individual effects of opioids and methamphetamine. However, little is known about their combined effects. Co-use of these drugs produces effects greater than either drug alone, where one decreases the side effects of the other, and the combination produces a prolonged intoxication period or a more desirable intoxication effect. An increasing number of studies have associated polydrug abuse with poorer treatment outcomes, drug-related deaths, and more severe psychopathologies. To date, the pharmacological treatment efficacy for polydrug abuse is vague, and still at the experimental stage. This present review discusses the human and animal behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical changes underlying both morphine and methamphetamine dependence separately, as well as its combination. This narrative review also delineates the recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of mono- and poly drug-use of opioids and methamphetamine at clinical and preclinical stages.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35462918
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859563
pii: 859563
pmc: PMC9021401
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
859563Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Hazani, Naina Mohamed, Muzaimi, Mohamed, Yahaya, Teoh, Pakri Mohamed, Mohamad Isa, Abdulrahman, Ramadah, Kamaluddin and Kumar.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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