A risk assessment of equine piroplasmosis entry, exposure and consequences in the UK.
Babesia caballi
Theileria equi
UK
horse
piroplasmosis
risk assessment
Journal
Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
Titre abrégé: Equine Vet J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0173320
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2023
Mar 2023
Historique:
received:
06
10
2021
accepted:
07
04
2022
pubmed:
29
4
2022
medline:
9
2
2023
entrez:
28
4
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is currently not endemic in the UK, despite a lack of formal surveillance and the presence of carrier horses in the equine population. Pathogen establishment would have significant welfare and economic impacts on the national equine industry, but the disease is often overlooked by UK practitioners. To assess the risk of disease entry, exposure and consequences to the UK equine population. Qualitative risk assessment. A qualitative risk assessment was constructed utilising the current World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) published framework for importation risk assessment, assessing the key areas of disease entry, exposure and consequences to the UK equine population. The overall risk of EP entry to the UK via importation of infected equidae with acute disease is very low but considered medium with subclinical carrier animals. Entry via importation of ticks or the importation of blood is considered very low. The risk of EP exposure to susceptible equidae in the UK is considered low by the infection routes of tick-bites, contaminated needles and contaminated blood, but very high via transplacental transfer. However, the consequences of EP endemic establishment are considered of high significance to the UK equine industry. A lack of available numerical data for events and variables in disease import risk meant a qualitative assessment was the most practical method for this scenario. This risk assessment highlights that EP positive animals are able to enter and are currently present in the UK, and that conditions do exist that could allow forward transmission of the disease. It has highlighted a gap in existing policy where the UK falls behind OIE guidelines and has suggested steps to correct this discrepancy and improve national biosecurity.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is currently not endemic in the UK, despite a lack of formal surveillance and the presence of carrier horses in the equine population. Pathogen establishment would have significant welfare and economic impacts on the national equine industry, but the disease is often overlooked by UK practitioners.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
To assess the risk of disease entry, exposure and consequences to the UK equine population.
STUDY DESIGN
METHODS
Qualitative risk assessment.
METHODS
METHODS
A qualitative risk assessment was constructed utilising the current World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) published framework for importation risk assessment, assessing the key areas of disease entry, exposure and consequences to the UK equine population.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The overall risk of EP entry to the UK via importation of infected equidae with acute disease is very low but considered medium with subclinical carrier animals. Entry via importation of ticks or the importation of blood is considered very low. The risk of EP exposure to susceptible equidae in the UK is considered low by the infection routes of tick-bites, contaminated needles and contaminated blood, but very high via transplacental transfer. However, the consequences of EP endemic establishment are considered of high significance to the UK equine industry.
MAIN LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
A lack of available numerical data for events and variables in disease import risk meant a qualitative assessment was the most practical method for this scenario.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
This risk assessment highlights that EP positive animals are able to enter and are currently present in the UK, and that conditions do exist that could allow forward transmission of the disease. It has highlighted a gap in existing policy where the UK falls behind OIE guidelines and has suggested steps to correct this discrepancy and improve national biosecurity.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35478189
doi: 10.1111/evj.13579
pmc: PMC10083907
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
282-294Subventions
Organisme : Horserace Betting Levy Board
ID : VET/EPDF/2019-1
Organisme : Horserace Betting Levy Board
ID : VET/RS/254
Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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