Bone stress injuries.
Journal
Nature reviews. Disease primers
ISSN: 2056-676X
Titre abrégé: Nat Rev Dis Primers
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101672103
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
28 04 2022
28 04 2022
Historique:
accepted:
11
03
2022
entrez:
28
4
2022
pubmed:
29
4
2022
medline:
3
5
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Bone stress injuries, including stress fractures, are overuse injuries that lead to substantial morbidity in active individuals. These injuries occur when excessive repetitive loads are introduced to a generally normal skeleton. Although the precise mechanisms for bone stress injuries are not completely understood, the prevailing theory is that an imbalance in bone metabolism favours microdamage accumulation over its removal and replacement with new bone via targeted remodelling. Diagnosis is achieved by a combination of patient history and physical examination, with imaging used for confirmation. Management of bone stress injuries is guided by their location and consequent risk of healing complications. Bone stress injuries at low-risk sites typically heal with activity modification followed by progressive loading and return to activity. Additional treatment approaches include non-weight-bearing immobilization, medications or surgery, but these approaches are usually limited to managing bone stress injuries that occur at high-risk sites. A comprehensive strategy that integrates anatomical, biomechanical and biological risk factors has the potential to improve the understanding of these injuries and aid in their prevention and management.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35484131
doi: 10.1038/s41572-022-00352-y
pii: 10.1038/s41572-022-00352-y
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
26Subventions
Organisme : NIAMS NIH HHS
ID : P30 AR072581
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2022. Springer Nature Limited.
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