Particle Safety Assessment in Additive Manufacturing: From Exposure Risks to Advanced Toxicology Testing.
adverse outcome
endocrine disruption
genotoxicity
industrial 3D printing
inflammation
mechanism of action
particle emissions
Journal
Frontiers in toxicology
ISSN: 2673-3080
Titre abrégé: Front Toxicol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101777990
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
15
12
2021
accepted:
06
04
2022
entrez:
13
5
2022
pubmed:
14
5
2022
medline:
14
5
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial three-dimensional (3D) printing drives a new spectrum of design and production possibilities; pushing the boundaries both in the application by production of sophisticated products as well as the development of next-generation materials. AM technologies apply a diversity of feedstocks, including plastic, metallic, and ceramic particle powders with distinct size, shape, and surface chemistry. In addition, powders are often reused, which may change the particles' physicochemical properties and by that alter their toxic potential. The AM production technology commonly relies on a laser or electron beam to selectively melt or sinter particle powders. Large energy input on feedstock powders generates several byproducts, including varying amounts of virgin microparticles, nanoparticles, spatter, and volatile chemicals that are emitted in the working environment; throughout the production and processing phases. The micro and nanoscale size may enable particles to interact with and to cross biological barriers, which could, in turn, give rise to unexpected adverse outcomes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of signaling pathways, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Another important aspect of AM-associated risks is emission/leakage of mono- and oligomers due to polymer breakdown and high temperature transformation of chemicals from polymeric particles, both during production, use, and
Identifiants
pubmed: 35548681
doi: 10.3389/ftox.2022.836447
pii: 836447
pmc: PMC9081788
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
836447Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Alijagic, Engwall, Särndahl, Karlsson, Hedbrant, Andersson, Karlsson, Dalemo, Scherbak, Färnlund, Larsson and Persson.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Author MD was employed by the Absolent AB and Author FK was employed by the AMEXCI AB. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor declared a past collaboration with one of the author AA.
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