Allogenic umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cells are more effective than antibiotics in alleviating subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.

Subclinical mastitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the milk production, fertility, and lifespan of animals, leading to significant losses to dairy industry. Antibiotics therapies are resulting in suboptimal benefits in treating subclinical mastitis due to prevalent antibiotic resistance in dairy herds. In a quest to develop alternative therapy, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) and its extracellular vesicles (UCB-MSC-EVs) are used, in the present study, to validate its safety and efficacy as potential therapy for treatment of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows with respect to conventional antibiotic therapy (ABT). We isolated, in vitro cultured, and characterized the UCB-MSCs as well as UCB-MSC-EVs. The repeated infusions of low dose MSCs and EVs were delivered in healthy animals for safety analysis, followed by the same administrations in infected animals for therapeutic efficacy analysis. UCB-MSCs and UCB-MSC-EVs were found to be safe at 2 doses with 7-day gap of 5 × 10

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.