Synergistic HNO
Journal
Nature
ISSN: 1476-4687
Titre abrégé: Nature
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0410462
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2022
05 2022
Historique:
received:
28
07
2021
accepted:
02
03
2022
entrez:
18
5
2022
pubmed:
19
5
2022
medline:
21
5
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
New particle formation in the upper free troposphere is a major global source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)
Identifiants
pubmed: 35585346
doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04605-4
pii: 10.1038/s41586-022-04605-4
pmc: PMC9117139
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
483-489Subventions
Organisme : European Research Council
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
Références
Clarke, A. et al. Nucleation in the equatorial free troposphere: favorable environments during PEM-Tropics. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 104, 5735–5744 (1999).
doi: 10.1029/98JD02303
Weigel, R. et al. In situ observations of new particle formation in the tropical upper troposphere: the role of clouds and the nucleation mechanism. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 9983–10010 (2011).
doi: 10.5194/acp-11-9983-2011
Gordon, H. et al. Causes and importance of new particle formation in the present-day and pre-industrial atmospheres. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 122, 8739–8760 (2017).
doi: 10.1002/2017JD026844
Williamson, C. J. et al. A large source of cloud condensation nuclei from new particle formation in the tropics. Nature 574, 399–403 (2019).
pubmed: 31619794
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1638-9
Höpfner, M. et al. First detection of ammonia (NH
doi: 10.5194/acp-16-14357-2016
Höpfner, M. et al. Ammonium nitrate particles formed in upper troposphere from ground ammonia sources during Asian monsoons. Nat. Geosci. 12, 608–612 (2019).
doi: 10.1038/s41561-019-0385-8
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013).
Dunne, E. M. et al. Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements. Science 354, 1119–1124 (2016).
pubmed: 27789796
doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2649
Kirkby, J. et al. Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Nature 476, 429–433 (2011).
pubmed: 21866156
doi: 10.1038/nature10343
Andreae, M. O. et al. Aerosol characteristics and particle production in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18, 921–961 (2018).
doi: 10.5194/acp-18-921-2018
Lehtipalo, K. et al. Multicomponent new particle formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and biogenic vapors. Sci. Adv. 4, eaau5363 (2018).
pubmed: 30547087
pmcid: 6291317
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aau5363
Zhao, B. et al. High concentration of ultrafine particles in the Amazon free troposphere produced by organic new particle formation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 117, 25344–25351 (2020).
pubmed: 32989149
pmcid: 7568247
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2006716117
Ge, C., Zhu, C., Francisco, J. S., Zeng, X. C. & Wang, J. A molecular perspective for global modeling of upper atmospheric NH
pubmed: 29848636
pmcid: 6004466
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1719949115
Martin, R. V. et al. Space-based constraints on the production of nitric oxide by lightning. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 112, D09309 (2007).
doi: 10.1029/2006JD007831
Lelieveld, J. et al. The South Asian monsoon—pollution pump and purifier. Science 361, 270–273 (2018).
pubmed: 29903882
doi: 10.1126/science.aar2501
Wang, M. et al. Rapid growth of atmospheric nanoparticles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation. Nature 580, 184–189 (2020).
doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2270-4
Stolzenburg, D. et al. Enhanced growth rate of atmospheric particles from sulfuric acid. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 20, 7359–7372 (2020).
doi: 10.5194/acp-20-7359-2020
Kürten, A. New particle formation from sulfuric acid and ammonia: nucleation and growth model based on thermodynamics derived from CLOUD measurements for a wide range of conditions. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 19, 5033–5050 (2019).
doi: 10.5194/acp-19-5033-2019
Xiao, M. et al. The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 21, 14275–14291 (2021).
doi: 10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021
Ehrhart, S. & Curtius, J. Influence of aerosol lifetime on the interpretation of nucleation experiments with respect to the first nucleation theorem. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 11465–11471 (2013).
doi: 10.5194/acp-13-11465-2013
Schobesberger, S. et al. Molecular understanding of atmospheric particle formation from sulfuric acid and large oxidized organic molecules. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 110, 17223–17228 (2013).
pubmed: 24101502
pmcid: 3808659
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1306973110
Martin, S. T. Phase transitions of aqueous atmospheric particles. Chem. Rev. 100, 3403–3454 (2000).
pubmed: 11777428
doi: 10.1021/cr990034t
Wagner, R. et al. Solid ammonium nitrate aerosols as efficient ice nucleating particles at cirrus temperatures. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 125, e2019JD032248 (2020).
doi: 10.1029/2019JD032248
Ullrich, R. et al. A new ice nucleation active site parameterization for desert dust and soot. J. Atmos. Sci. 74, 699–717 (2017).
doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0074.1
Oxtoby, D. W. & Kashchiev, D. A general relation between the nucleation work and the size of the nucleus in multicomponent nucleation. J. Chem. Phys. 100, 7665–7671 (1994).
doi: 10.1063/1.466859
Kille, N. et al. The CU mobile solar occultation flux instrument: structure functions and emission rates of NH
doi: 10.5194/amt-10-373-2017
Nault, B. A. et al. Chemical transport models often underestimate inorganic aerosol acidity in remote regions of the atmosphere. Commun. Earth Environ. 2, 93 (2021).
doi: 10.1038/s43247-021-00164-0
Warner, J. X., Wei, Z., Strow, L. L., Dickerson, R. R. & Nowak, J. B. The global tropospheric ammonia distribution as seen in the 13-year AIRS measurement record. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16, 5467–5479 (2016).
doi: 10.5194/acp-16-5467-2016
Williams, J., Reus, M. D., Krejci, R., Fischer, H. & Ström, J. Application of the variability-size relationship to atmospheric aerosol studies: estimating aerosol lifetimes and ages. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2, 133–145 (2002).
doi: 10.5194/acp-2-133-2002
Duplissy, J. et al. Effect of ions on sulfuric acid-water binary particle formation: 2. Experimental data and comparison with QC-normalized classical nucleation theory. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 212, 1752–1775 (2016).
doi: 10.1002/2015JD023539
Dias, A. et al. Temperature uniformity in the CERN CLOUD chamber. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 5075–5088 (2017).
doi: 10.5194/amt-10-5075-2017
Kirkby, J. et al. Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles. Nature 530, 521–526 (2016).
doi: 10.1038/nature17953
Schnitzhofer, R. et al. Characterisation of organic contaminants in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 7, 2159–2168 (2014).
doi: 10.5194/amt-7-2159-2014
Jokinen, T. et al. Atmospheric sulphuric acid and neutral cluster measurements using CI-APi-TOF. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12, 4117–4125 (2012).
doi: 10.5194/acp-12-4117-2012
Kürten, A. et al. Neutral molecular cluster formation of sulfuric acid–dimethylamine observed in real time under atmospheric conditions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 111, 15019–15024 (2014).
pubmed: 25288761
pmcid: 4210346
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1404853111
Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D. et al. A novel method for online analysis of gas and particle composition: description and evaluation of a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO). Atmos. Meas. Tech. 7, 983–1001 (2014).
doi: 10.5194/amt-7-983-2014
Wang, M. et al. Reactions of atmospheric particulate stabilized Criegee intermediates lead to high-molecular-weight aerosol components. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 5702–5710 (2016).
pubmed: 27186797
doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02114
Kürten, A., Rondo, L., Ehrhart, S. & Curtius, J. Performance of a corona ion source for measurement of sulfuric acid by chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 4, 437–443 (2011).
doi: 10.5194/amt-4-437-2011
Tröstl, J. et al. The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere. Nature 530, 527–531 (2016).
doi: 10.1038/nature18271
Breitenlechner, M. et al. PTR3: an instrument for studying the lifecycle of reactive organic carbon in the atmosphere. Anal. Chem. 89, 5824–5831 (2017).
pubmed: 28436218
doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05110
Kürten, A. et al. Experimental particle formation rates spanning tropospheric sulfuric acid and ammonia abundances, ion production rates, and temperatures. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 121, 12–377 (2016).
doi: 10.1002/2015JD023908
McMurry, P. H. & Grosjean, D. Gas and aerosol wall losses in Teflon film smog chambers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 1176–1181 (1985).
pubmed: 22280133
doi: 10.1021/es00142a006
Simon, M. et al. Molecular insight into HOM formation and biogenic new-particle formation over a wide range of tropospheric temperatures. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 20, 9183–9207 (2020).
doi: 10.5194/acp-20-9183-2020
Tang, M., Cox, R. & Kalberer, M. Compilation and evaluation of gas phase diffusion coefficients of reactive trace gases in the atmosphere: volume 1. inorganic compounds. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14, 9233–9247 (2014).
doi: 10.5194/acp-14-9233-2014
Junninen, H. et al. A high-resolution mass spectrometer to measure atmospheric ion composition. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3, 1039–1053 (2010).
doi: 10.5194/amt-3-1039-2010
Kürten, A. et al. Observation of new particle formation and measurement of sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines and highly oxidized organic molecules at a rural site in central Germany. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16, 12793–12813 (2016).
doi: 10.5194/acp-16-12793-2016
Dada, L. et al. Formation and growth of sub-3-nm aerosol particles in experimental chambers. Nat. Protoc. 15, 1013–1040 (2020).
pubmed: 32051616
doi: 10.1038/s41596-019-0274-z
Mui, W., Mai, H., Downard, A. J., Seinfeld, J. H. & Flagan, R. C. Design, simulation, and characterization of a radial opposed migration ion and aerosol classifier (ROMIAC). Aerosol Sci. Technol. 51, 801–823 (2017).
doi: 10.1080/02786826.2017.1315046
Wimmer, D. et al. Performance of diethylene glycol-based particle counters in the sub-3 nm size range. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 6, 1793–1804 (2013).
doi: 10.5194/amt-6-1793-2013
Mai, H. & Flagan, R. C. Scanning DMA data analysis I. Classification transfer function. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 52, 1382–1399 (2018).
doi: 10.1080/02786826.2018.1528005
Mai, H., Kong, W., Seinfeld, J. H. & Flagan, R. C. Scanning DMA data analysis II. Integrated DMA-CPC instrument response and data inversion. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 52, 1400–1414 (2018).
doi: 10.1080/02786826.2018.1528006
Jurányi, Z. et al. A 17 month climatology of the cloud condensation nuclei number concentration at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 116, D10204 (2011).
doi: 10.1029/2010JD015199
Tröstl, J. et al. Fast and precise measurement in the sub-20 nm size range using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. J. Aerosol Sci. 87, 75–87 (2015).
doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.04.001
Wiedensohler, A. et al. Mobility particle size spectrometers: harmonization of technical standards and data structure to facilitate high quality long-term observations of atmospheric particle number size distributions. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 5, 657–685 (2012).
doi: 10.5194/amt-5-657-2012
Jayne, J. T. et al. Development of an aerosol mass spectrometer for size and composition analysis of submicron particles. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 33, 49–70 (2000).
doi: 10.1080/027868200410840
DeCarlo, P. F. et al. Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 78, 8281–8289 (2006).
pubmed: 17165817
doi: 10.1021/ac061249n
Rogers, D. C. Development of a continuous flow thermal gradient diffusion chamber for ice nucleation studies. Atmos. Res. 22, 149–181 (1988).
doi: 10.1016/0169-8095(88)90005-1
DeMott, P. J. et al. The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation phase 2 (FIN-02): laboratory intercomparison of ice nucleation measurements. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 11, 6231–6257 (2018).
doi: 10.5194/amt-11-6231-2018
Schiebel, T. Ice Nucleation Activity of Soil Dust Aerosols. PhD thesis, KIT-Bibliothek (2017).
Seinfeld, J. H. & Pandis, S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2nd edn (Wiley, 2006).
Connolly, P. J. et al. Studies of heterogeneous freezing by three different desert dust samples. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 2805–2824 (2009).
doi: 10.5194/acp-9-2805-2009
Koop, T., Luo, B., Tsias, A. & Peter, T. Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions. Nature 406, 611–614 (2000).
pubmed: 10949298
doi: 10.1038/35020537
Cziczo, D. J. & Abbatt, J. P. D. Infrared observations of the response of NaCl, MgCl
doi: 10.1021/jp9931408
Zuberi, B., Bertram, A. K., Koop, T., Molina, L. T. & Molina, M. J. Heterogeneous freezing of aqueous particles induced by crystallized (NH
doi: 10.1021/jp010094e
Schlenker, J. C. & Martin, S. T. Crystallization pathways of sulfate–nitrate–ammonium aerosol particles. J. Phys. Chem. A 109, 9980–9985 (2005).
pubmed: 16838915
doi: 10.1021/jp052973x
Riccobono, F. et al. Oxidation products of biogenic emissions contribute to nucleation of atmospheric particles. Science 344, 717–721 (2014).
pubmed: 24833386
doi: 10.1126/science.1243527
Möhler, O. & Arnold, F. Gaseous sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide measurements in the Arctic troposphere and lower stratosphere: implications for hydroxyl radical abundances. Geophys. Res. Lett. 19, 1763–1766 (1992).
doi: 10.1029/92GL01807
Williamson, C. J. et al. Large hemispheric difference in ultrafine aerosol concentrations in the lowermost stratosphere at mid and high latitudes. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 1–44 (2021).
Wespes, C. et al. First global distributions of nitric acid in the troposphere and the stratosphere derived from infrared satellite measurements. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 112, D13311 (2007).
doi: 10.1029/2006JD008202
Popp, P. et al. Stratospheric correlation between nitric acid and ozone. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 114, D03305 (2009).
doi: 10.1029/2008JD010875
Hirsikko, A. et al. Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 767–798 (2011).
doi: 10.5194/acp-11-767-2011
Jöckel, P. et al. Development cycle 2 of the modular earth submodel system (MESSy2). Geosci. Model Dev. 3, 717–752 (2010).
doi: 10.5194/gmd-3-717-2010
Roeckner, E. et al. Sensitivity of simulated climate to horizontal and vertical resolution in the ECHAM5 atmosphere model. J. Clim. 19, 3771–3791 (2006).
doi: 10.1175/JCLI3824.1
Ehrhart, S. et al. Two new submodels for the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy): New Aerosol Nucleation (NAN) and small ions (IONS) version 1.0. Geosci. Model Dev. 11, 4987–5001 (2018).
doi: 10.5194/gmd-11-4987-2018
Chipperfield, M. New version of the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT off-line chemical transport model: Intercomparison of stratospheric tracer experiments. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 132, 1179–1203 (2006).
doi: 10.1256/qj.05.51
Monks, S. A. et al. The TOMCAT global chemical transport model v1.6: description of chemical mechanism and model evaluation. Geosci. Model Dev. 10, 3025–3057 (2017).
doi: 10.5194/gmd-10-3025-2017
Mann, G. et al. Description and evaluation of GLOMAP-mode: a modal global aerosol microphysics model for the UKCA composition-climate model. Geosci. Model Dev. 3, 519–551 (2010).
doi: 10.5194/gmd-3-519-2010
Benduhn, F. et al. Size-resolved simulations of the aerosol inorganic composition with the new hybrid dissolution solver HyDiS-1.0: description, evaluation and first global modelling results. Geosci. Model Dev. 9, 3875–3906 (2016).
doi: 10.5194/gmd-9-3875-2016
Bardakov, R. et al. A novel framework to study trace gas transport in deep convective clouds. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 12, e2019MS001931 (2020).
doi: 10.1029/2019MS001931
Bardakov, R., Thornton, J. A., Riipinen, I., Krejci, R. & Ekman, A. M. L. Transport and chemistry of isoprene and its oxidation products in deep convective clouds. Tellus B Chem. Phys. Meteorol. 73, 1–21 (2021).
doi: 10.1080/16000889.2021.1979856
Savre, J., Ekman, A. M. L. & Svensson, G. Technical note: Introduction to MIMICA, a large-eddy simulation solver for cloudy planetary boundary layers. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 6, 630–649 (2014).
doi: 10.1002/2013MS000292
Bates, T. S., Huebert, B. J., Gras, J. L., Griffiths, F. B. & Durkee, P. A. International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project’s first aerosol characterization experiment (ACE 1): overview. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 103, 16297–16318 (1998).
doi: 10.1029/97JD03741
Hoell, J. M. et al. Pacific Exploratory Mission in the tropical Pacific: PEM-Tropics A, August-September 1996. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 104, 5567–5583 (1999).
doi: 10.1029/1998JD100074
Erisman, J. W., Sutton, M. A., Galloway, J., Klimont, Z. & Winiwarter, W. How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world. Nat. Geosci. 1, 636–639 (2008).
doi: 10.1038/ngeo325
Warner, J. X. et al. Increased atmospheric ammonia over the world’s major agricultural areas detected from space. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44, 2875–2884 (2017).
pubmed: 29657344
pmcid: 5897908
doi: 10.1002/2016GL072305
Twohy, C. H. et al. Deep convection as a source of new particles in the midlatitude upper troposphere. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 107, AAC 6-1–AAC 6-10 (2002).
doi: 10.1029/2001JD000323
Lee, S.-H. et al. Particle formation by ion nucleation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Science 301, 1886–1889 (2003).
pubmed: 14512623
doi: 10.1126/science.1087236
Waddicor, D. A. et al. Aerosol observations and growth rates downwind of the anvil of a deep tropical thunderstorm. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12, 6157–6172 (2012).
doi: 10.5194/acp-12-6157-2012
Wang, S. et al. Active and widespread halogen chemistry in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 112, 9281–9286 (2015).
pubmed: 26124148
pmcid: 4522746
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1505142112
He, X.-C. et al. Role of iodine oxoacids in atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Science 371, 589–595 (2021).
pubmed: 33542130
doi: 10.1126/science.abe0298